a Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics , Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo , Brazil.
J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol. 2018 Jun;39(2):83-89. doi: 10.1080/0167482X.2017.1306515. Epub 2017 Mar 29.
To determine the prevalence of physical, sexual and emotional abuse and physical and emotional neglect suffered by women with chronic pelvic pain (CPP) during childhood and whether these occurrences are associated with symptoms of pain, anxiety and depression.
A case-control study was conducted on 154 women older than 18 years, 77 of them healthy and 77 with CPP. A history of sexual, physical, and emotional abuse and physical and emotional neglect was determined using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Anxiety and depression symptoms were determined using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) scale. Pain intensity was determined using a visual analog scale (VAS). The quantitative variables were compared by the Wilcoxon test, and the qualitative variables were compared by the Chi-square test or exact Fisher test when appropriate. Correlation between the CTQ, HAD and VAS scores was estimated by the Spearman's p coefficient. Independent association of the variables with the presence of CPP was determined by logistic multiple regression analysis.
The prevalence of childhood maltreatment was 77.9% and 64.9%, respectively, for women with CPP and healthy women (p = 0.07). Emotional neglect was more frequent among women with CPP than among healthy women (58.4% versus 41.5%, p = 0.04). There was a moderate correlation between anxiety and depression symptoms and CTQ scores for women with CPP. Unemployment (OR = 4.15, 95% CI 1.73-9.94; OR = 3.30, 95% CI 1.26-8.55) was independently associated with the presence of CPP.
Women with CPP reported emotional neglect abuse more frequently than healthy women. There was a direct correlation between maltreatment scores and anxiety and depression scores. On the other hand, CPP was independently associated only with unemployment.
确定患有慢性盆腔疼痛（CPP）的女性在儿童期遭受身体、性和情感虐待以及身体和情感忽视的流行情况，以及这些情况是否与疼痛、焦虑和抑郁症状有关。
对 154 名年龄在 18 岁以上的女性进行了病例对照研究，其中 77 名健康，77 名患有 CPP。使用童年创伤问卷（CTQ）确定性虐待、身体虐待、情感虐待和身体忽视及情感忽视的病史。使用医院焦虑和抑郁量表（HAD）确定焦虑和抑郁症状。使用视觉模拟量表（VAS）确定疼痛强度。通过 Wilcoxon 检验比较定量变量，适当情况下通过卡方检验或确切 Fisher 检验比较定性变量。通过 Spearman's p 系数估计 CTQ、HAD 和 VAS 评分之间的相关性。通过逻辑多回归分析确定变量与 CPP 存在的独立关联。
CPP 组和健康对照组的儿童期虐待发生率分别为 77.9%和 64.9%（p=0.07）。与健康对照组相比，CPP 组的情感忽视更为常见（58.4%对 41.5%，p=0.04）。CPP 组的焦虑和抑郁症状与 CTQ 评分之间存在中度相关性。失业（OR=4.15，95%CI 1.73-9.94；OR=3.30，95%CI 1.26-8.55）与 CPP 的存在独立相关。
患有 CPP 的女性比健康女性更频繁地报告情感忽视虐待。虐待评分与焦虑和抑郁评分之间存在直接相关性。另一方面，CPP 仅与失业独立相关。
