Smitha K A, Akhil Raja K, Arun K M, Rajesh P G, Thomas Bejoy, Kapilamoorthy T R, Kesavadas Chandrasekharan
1 Department of Imaging Sciences and Interventional Radiology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Science and Technology, India.
2 Department of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, India.
Neuroradiol J. 2017 Aug;30(4):305-317. doi: 10.1177/1971400917697342. Epub 2017 Mar 29.
The inquisitiveness about what happens in the brain has been there since the beginning of humankind. Functional magnetic resonance imaging is a prominent tool which helps in the non-invasive examination, localisation as well as lateralisation of brain functions such as language, memory, etc. In recent years, there is an apparent shift in the focus of neuroscience research to studies dealing with a brain at 'resting state'. Here the spotlight is on the intrinsic activity within the brain, in the absence of any sensory or cognitive stimulus. The analyses of functional brain connectivity in the state of rest have revealed different resting state networks, which depict specific functions and varied spatial topology. However, different statistical methods have been introduced to study resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging connectivity, yet producing consistent results. In this article, we introduce the concept of resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging in detail, then discuss three most widely used methods for analysis, describe a few of the resting state networks featuring the brain regions, associated cognitive functions and clinical applications of resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging. This review aims to highlight the utility and importance of studying resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging connectivity, underlining its complementary nature to the task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging.
自人类伊始，人们就对大脑中发生的事情充满好奇。功能磁共振成像（Functional magnetic resonance imaging，fMRI）是一种重要的工具，有助于对大脑功能（如语言、记忆等）进行非侵入性检查、定位以及确定其在大脑半球的分布。近年来，神经科学研究的重点明显转向了对处于“静息状态”的大脑的研究。这里关注的是在没有任何感觉或认知刺激的情况下大脑内部的固有活动。对静息状态下大脑功能连接的分析揭示了不同的静息状态网络，这些网络描绘了特定的功能和多样的空间拓扑结构。然而，为研究静息态功能磁共振成像连接性引入了不同的统计方法，但结果并不一致。在本文中，我们详细介绍了静息态功能磁共振成像的概念，然后讨论了三种最广泛使用的分析方法，描述了一些以大脑区域为特征的静息状态网络、相关的认知功能以及静息态功能磁共振成像的临床应用。本综述旨在强调研究静息态功能磁共振成像连接性的实用性和重要性，突显其与基于任务的功能磁共振成像的互补性。
