Pirazzini Marco, Rossetto Ornella, Eleopra Roberto, Montecucco Cesare
Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy (M.P., O.R., C.M.); Neurologic Department, University-Hospital S. Maria della Misericordia, Udine, Italy (R.E.); and Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Italy (C.M.).
Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy (M.P., O.R., C.M.); Neurologic Department, University-Hospital S. Maria della Misericordia, Udine, Italy (R.E.); and Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Italy (C.M.)
Pharmacol Rev. 2017 Apr;69(2):200-235. doi: 10.1124/pr.116.012658.
The study of botulinum neurotoxins (BoNT) is rapidly progressing in many aspects. Novel BoNTs are being discovered owing to next generation sequencing, but their biologic and pharmacological properties remain largely unknown. The molecular structure of the large protein complexes that the toxin forms with accessory proteins, which are included in some BoNT type A1 and B1 pharmacological preparations, have been determined. By far the largest effort has been dedicated to the testing and validation of BoNTs as therapeutic agents in an ever increasing number of applications, including pain therapy. BoNT type A1 has been also exploited in a variety of cosmetic treatments, alone or in combination with other agents, and this specific market has reached the size of the one dedicated to the treatment of medical syndromes. The pharmacological properties and mode of action of BoNTs have shed light on general principles of neuronal transport and protein-protein interactions and are stimulating basic science studies. Moreover, the wide array of BoNTs discovered and to be discovered and the production of recombinant BoNTs endowed with specific properties suggest novel uses in therapeutics with increasing disease/symptom specifity. These recent developments are reviewed here to provide an updated picture of the biologic mechanism of action of BoNTs, of their increasing use in pharmacology and in cosmetics, and of their toxicology.
肉毒杆菌神经毒素（BoNT）的研究在许多方面都在迅速发展。由于新一代测序技术，新型BoNTs不断被发现，但其生物学和药理学特性在很大程度上仍不为人知。毒素与辅助蛋白形成的大蛋白复合物的分子结构已被确定，这些辅助蛋白包含在一些A型1和B型1肉毒杆菌毒素的药物制剂中。迄今为止，最大的努力致力于在越来越多的应用中测试和验证BoNTs作为治疗剂，包括疼痛治疗。A型1肉毒杆菌毒素也已被用于各种美容治疗，单独使用或与其他药物联合使用，这个特定市场已经达到了专门用于治疗医学综合征的市场规模。BoNTs的药理特性和作用方式为神经元运输和蛋白质 - 蛋白质相互作用的一般原理提供了线索，并刺激了基础科学研究。此外，已发现和即将发现的大量BoNTs以及具有特定特性的重组BoNTs的生产表明，在治疗中具有新的用途，疾病/症状特异性也在增加。本文对这些最新进展进行了综述，以提供关于BoNTs作用的生物学机制、其在药理学和化妆品中日益增加的应用以及其毒理学的最新情况。
Zotero 插件
