Agarwal Nidhi, Kumar Dipanshu, Anand Ashish, Bahetwar Surendrakumar Kaluram
Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Institute of Dental Studies and Technologies, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Department of Pedodontics, Government Dental College and Hospital, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
Natl J Maxillofac Surg. 2016 Jul-Dec;7(2):122-126. doi: 10.4103/0975-5950.201362.
Congenital hypodontia or trauma is a frequent cause of loss of teeth in children. The absence of teeth leads to loss of function and lack of normal alveolar growth, along with unpleasant esthetics that hamper the psychosocial development of the young child. Traditionally, the management of tooth loss in the young child is done by conservative means. None of those methods of treatment are completely satisfactory and have their own drawbacks. Dental implants in a young child would be an ideal mode of treatment for the absence of teeth. One of the main deterring factors for implant placement in children is the impending growth. Growth in the maxilla and mandible does not happen uniformly in one plane. It is multidirectional, occurring in sagittal, vertical, and transverse planes. It does not happen at a fixed pace, slow periods of growth are followed by phases of accelerated growth called the growth spurts. Successful implant treatment in children has been achieved by several clinicians when they incorporated a multidisciplinary approach in their treatment plan. The design and type of implant system used in pediatric patients is also responsible for successful treatment outcome. The purpose of this review is to understand the implications of growth and growth assessment and recommendations for the formulation of the treatment plan in pediatric dental implant patients.
先天性缺牙或外伤是儿童牙齿缺失的常见原因。牙齿缺失会导致功能丧失和牙槽骨正常生长受阻，同时还会影响美观，对幼儿的心理社会发展产生不利影响。传统上，幼儿牙齿缺失的治疗采用保守方法。但这些治疗方法都不尽如人意，各有弊端。对幼儿来说，种植牙是治疗牙齿缺失的理想方式。儿童种植牙的主要阻碍因素之一是颌骨的生长。上颌骨和下颌骨的生长并非在一个平面上均匀进行，而是多方向的，包括矢状面、垂直面和横断面。生长速度也不固定，生长缓慢期之后会出现加速生长阶段，即生长高峰期。一些临床医生在治疗方案中采用多学科方法，成功地为儿童进行了种植牙治疗。儿科患者使用的种植系统的设计和类型也对治疗结果的成功起到了作用。本综述的目的是了解生长及生长评估的影响，以及为儿科种植牙患者制定治疗方案的建议。
