MSMR. 2017 Mar;24(3):19-24.
From 2001 through 2016, there were 1,519 incident diagnoses of exertional hyponatremia among active component service members (incidence rate: 6.9 cases per 100,000 person-years [p-yrs]). The incidence rate in 2016 (6.6 cases per 100,000 p-yrs) represented a decrease of 23.3% from 2015. Compared to their respective counterparts, overall incidence rates of exertional hyponatremia were higher among females, those aged 19 years or younger, and recruit trainees. The overall incidence rate during the surveillance period was highest in the Marine Corps, intermediate in the Army and Air Force, and lowest in the Navy. Overall incidence rates were lowest among black, non-Hispanic service members and highest among white, non-Hispanic and Asian/Pacific Islander service members. Service members (particularly recruit trainees) and their supervisors must be vigilant for early signs of heat-related illnesses and must be knowledgeable of the dangers of excessive water consumption and the prescribed limits for water intake during prolonged physical activity (e.g., field training exercises, personal fitness training, recreational activities) in hot, humid weather.
2001年至2016年期间，现役军人中出现了1519例运动性低钠血症确诊病例（发病率：每10万人年6.9例）。2016年的发病率（每10万人年6.6例）比2015年下降了23.3%。与各自的对应人群相比，女性、19岁及以下人群以及新兵学员中运动性低钠血症的总体发病率更高。在监测期间，海军陆战队的总体发病率最高，陆军和空军次之，海军最低。黑人、非西班牙裔军人的总体发病率最低，白人、非西班牙裔和亚太岛民军人的总体发病率最高。军人（尤其是新兵学员）及其上级必须警惕与热相关疾病的早期症状，并且必须了解在炎热潮湿天气下长时间体育活动（如野外训练演习、个人健身训练、娱乐活动）期间过量饮水的危害以及规定的饮水限量。
