Centre for Sustainable Working Life and Department for Organisational Psychology, Birkbeck, University of London.
Department for Organisational Psychology, Birkbeck, University of London.
J Occup Health Psychol. 2018 Jan;23(1):1-17. doi: 10.1037/ocp0000069. Epub 2017 Mar 30.
A systematic review of the available evidence examining the cost of work-related stress (WRS) would yield important insights into the magnitude of this social phenomenon. The objective of this review was to collate, extract, and synthesize economic evaluations of the cost of WRS to society. A research protocol was developed. Included cost-of-illness (COI) studies estimated the cost of WRS at a societal level, and were published in English, French or German. Searches were carried out in ingentaconnect, EBSCO, JSTOR, Science Direct, Web of Knowledge, Google, and Google scholar. Included studies were assessed against 10 COI quality assessment criteria. Fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed. These originated from Australia, Canada, Denmark, France, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and the EU-15. The total estimated cost of WRS was observed to be considerable and ranged substantially from US$221.13 million to $187 billion. Productivity related losses were observed to proportionally contribute the majority of the total cost of WRS (between 70 to 90%), with health care and medical costs constituting the remaining 10 to 30%. The evidence reviewed here suggests a sizable financial burden imposed by WRS on society. The observed range of cost estimates was understood to be attributable to variations in definitions of WRS; the number and type of costs estimated; and, in how production loss was estimated. It is postulated that the cost estimates identified by this review are likely conservative because of narrow definitions of WRS and the exclusion of diverse range of cost components. (PsycINFO Database Record
一项对现有研究证据的系统回顾，旨在研究工作相关压力（WRS）的成本，将为这一社会现象的严重程度提供重要的深入了解。本次综述的目的是整理、提取和综合评估 WRS 给社会带来的成本的经济评价。制定了研究方案。包括疾病成本（COI）研究在内的成本效益研究在社会层面上评估了 WRS 的成本，并以英文、法文或德文发表。在 ingentaconnect、EBSCO、JSTOR、Science Direct、Web of Knowledge、Google 和 Google scholar 中进行了搜索。纳入的研究按照 10 项 COI 质量评估标准进行了评估。符合纳入标准并进行了综述的研究有 15 项。这些研究来自澳大利亚、加拿大、丹麦、法国、瑞典、瑞士、英国和欧盟 15 国。据观察，WRS 的总成本相当可观，范围从 2.2113 亿美元到 1870 亿美元不等。观察到与生产力相关的损失比例最大，占 WRS 总成本的大部分（70%至 90%），而医疗保健和医疗费用占剩余的 10%至 30%。这里回顾的证据表明，WRS 给社会带来了相当大的经济负担。观察到的成本估算范围归因于 WRS 的定义差异；估计的成本数量和类型；以及生产损失的估计方式。据推测，由于 WRS 的定义狭窄和排除了多种成本组成部分，本次综述确定的成本估算可能过于保守。
