Sheldon Julie D, Adkesson Michael J, Allender Matthew C, Jankowski Gwen, Langan Jennifer, Cardeña Marco, Cárdenas-Alayza Susana
J Avian Med Surg. 2017 Mar;31(1):16-23. doi: 10.1647/2015-134.
Tear production and intraocular pressures (IOPs) were determined in 38 and 102 wild Humboldt penguins (Spheniscus humboldti), respectively, from the Punta San Juan Marine Protected Area in Ica, Peru. Tear production was measured by Schirmer tear test, and IOP was measured with a TonoVet rebound tonometer. Adult (n = 90) and chick (n = 12) penguins were sampled from 2 different beaches (north and south facing) during 2 sampling years (2010 and 2011). Results showed a mean ± SD (range) of 9 ± 4 (2-20) mm/min for tear production and 28 ± 9 (3-49) mm Hg for IOP. Tear production in penguins differed between beach and sex, whereas IOP differed between age, year, and beach. The IOPs were negatively correlated with packed cell volume. Tear production and IOP values had greater variation in this population than it has in other avian species. Previous investigations of IOP and tear production in Spheniscus species were conducted with birds housed under professional care in artificial marine and freshwater environments. This is the first study, to our knowledge, investigating tear production and IOP in wild penguins and establishes valuable reference intervals for this species.
分别对来自秘鲁伊卡省蓬塔圣胡安海洋保护区的38只和102只野生洪堡企鹅（Spheniscus humboldti）进行了泪液分泌量和眼内压（IOP）测定。泪液分泌量通过施密特泪液试验测量，眼内压用TonoVet回弹眼压计测量。在2010年和2011年这两个采样年份，从2个不同朝向（北面和南面）的海滩采集了成年企鹅（n = 90）和雏鸟（n = 12）样本。结果显示，泪液分泌量的均值±标准差（范围）为9 ± 4（2 - 20）mm/分钟，眼内压为28 ± 9（3 - 49）mmHg。企鹅的泪液分泌量在海滩和性别之间存在差异，而眼内压在年龄、年份和海滩之间存在差异。眼内压与红细胞压积呈负相关。该种群的泪液分泌量和眼内压值比其他鸟类物种的变化更大。之前对Spheniscus属物种的眼内压和泪液分泌量的研究是在人工海洋和淡水环境中专业饲养的鸟类身上进行的。据我们所知，这是第一项对野生企鹅的泪液分泌量和眼内压进行研究的报告，并为该物种建立了有价值的参考区间。
