Antigen-presenting B cells: efficient uptake and presentation by activated B cells for induction of cytotoxic T lymphocytes against vesicular stomatitis virus.

We have evaluated the efficacy of mitogen (LPS/DxSO4)-activated B cells (B lymphoblasts) to function as antigen-presenting cells (APC) for vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). Our studies revealed that B lymphoblasts induced potent cytotoxic thymus (T)-derived lymphocyte (CTL) activity in VSV-immune splenic T cells depleted of adherent accessory cells. Dose-response curves indicated that B lymphoblasts were approximately 15-20 times more efficient APC than spleen cells for CTL induction against VSV. There was little evidence of reprocessing of viral antigens by the responder population because only CTL activity restricted to the parental haplotype of the B lymphoblast was generated following stimulation of VSV-immune F1 T cells. B lymphoblasts activated VSV-specific memory CTL which expressed the Lyt-1-23+, AsGM1+ phenotype without activating natural killer and/or lymphokine-activated killer cells. The ability of B lymphoblasts to function as efficient APC was not related to enhanced viral replication in these cells because potent VSV-specific proliferative and class I-restricted CTL responses were induced by B lymphoblasts infected with VSV rendered noninfectious by exposure to ultraviolet (uv) light. This indicates that activated B cells can efficiently process and present input virion protein. Purified splenic B cells that were not activated by mitogen stimulation did not function as APC for VSV even at high multiplicities of infection. The failure of B cells to function as APC for VSV was related to inefficient uptake of VSV and their inability to provide accessory cell signals required for T-cell proliferation; both these functions developed following mitogen stimulation. These data suggest that activated B cells may function as a potent APC population for virus independent of the specificity of their immunoglobulin antigen receptor.