Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Saint Joseph's University, USA.
Johnson & Johnson Consumer Inc., USA.
Sleep Med. 2017 Apr;32:75-82. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2016.11.011. Epub 2016 Nov 29.
This study aimed to characterize sleep patterns and sleep problems in a large sample of infants and toddlers (from birth to three years) and their mothers in Arabic-speaking families in the Middle East and compare the results to those living in predominantly Asian and predominantly Caucasian countries/regions.
Mothers of 669 young children (from Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Algeria, United Arab Emirates, Jordan, Morocco, Iraq, Kuwai, Oman, Palestinian territories, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Bahrain, Israel, and other Arab countries) completed an Internet-based expanded version of the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire, Daily Infant Mood Scale, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.
Overall, children and their mothers in the Middle East slept on a shifted schedule, with late bedtimes and waketimes compared to those from predominantly Asian and predominantly Caucasian countries/regions. Almost all families room-shared with their children, although less than half bed-shared. A significant percentage of parents perceived that their child had a sleep problem (37%), with a high prevalence of poor sleep in mothers (72%). Parent-reported child mood was modestly associated with sleep patterns but more so with parent-perceived sleep problems. Parent-perceived sleep problems in their young child were predicted by bedtimes, prevalence of a bedtime routine, and night wakings.
Overall, both young children and their mothers in the Middle East have a delayed sleep schedule, going to bed late in the evening and waking up late in the morning. Sleep was associated with mood outcomes, with bedtimes, bedtime routines, and falling asleep independently predicting sleep outcomes. The high prevalence of sleep problems in both the infants and toddlers and their mothers supports the need for sleep to be addressed by pediatric and adult healthcare practitioners.
本研究旨在描述中东地区阿拉伯语家庭中大量婴儿和幼儿（从出生到三岁）及其母亲的睡眠模式和睡眠问题，并将结果与主要为亚洲和主要为白种人国家/地区的结果进行比较。
来自沙特阿拉伯、埃及、阿尔及利亚、阿拉伯联合酋长国、约旦、摩洛哥、伊拉克、科威特、阿曼、巴勒斯坦领土、利比亚阿拉伯民众国、巴林、以色列和其他阿拉伯国家的 669 名幼儿的母亲完成了基于互联网的简短婴儿睡眠问卷、每日婴儿情绪量表和匹兹堡睡眠质量指数的扩展版本。
总体而言，与主要为亚洲和主要为白种人国家/地区的儿童及其母亲相比，中东地区的儿童和母亲的睡眠时间较晚，起床时间也较晚。几乎所有家庭都与孩子同睡一室，尽管只有不到一半的家庭与孩子同床共枕。相当一部分父母认为他们的孩子有睡眠问题（37%），母亲的睡眠质量很差（72%）。父母报告的孩子情绪与睡眠模式适度相关，但与父母认为的睡眠问题更相关。父母认为孩子的睡眠问题与就寝时间、睡前常规的普遍性和夜间醒来有关。
总体而言，中东地区的幼儿及其母亲的睡眠时间表都较晚，晚上入睡较晚，早上起床较晚。睡眠与情绪结果相关，就寝时间、睡前常规和独立入睡可预测睡眠结果。婴儿和幼儿及其母亲中睡眠问题的高患病率支持儿科和成人保健医生解决睡眠问题的必要性。
