Violence Prevention Research Program, University of California, Davis, United States.
RAND Drug Policy Research Center, United States.
Int J Drug Policy. 2017 Apr;42:118-120. doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2017.02.007. Epub 2017 Mar 30.
Cannabis legalization is a serious topic of discussion in the Western Hemisphere. Since 2012, voters in eight U.S. states have passed laws to legalize large-scale cannabis production and allow profit-maximizing companies to grow and sell it for nonmedical purposes. Voters in Washington DC also approved legalization, but supply is limited to home production and gifting—retail sales are not allowed. In 2013, Uruguay’s President José Mujica ratified a legalization bill that is noteworthy for at least three reasons. Most importantly, it made Uruguay the first in the world to remove the prohibition on cannabis supply for nonmedical purposes. Second, Uruguay’s middle-ground approach to cannabis supply falls in between the two options commonly discussed in the United States: prohibition versus the standard commercial model. Third, the law was approved by politicians, not the voters.
大麻合法化是西半球一个严肃的讨论话题。自 2012 年以来，美国 8 个州的选民已经通过法律，允许大规模大麻生产，并允许利润最大化的公司种植和销售大麻用于非医疗目的。华盛顿特区的选民也批准了大麻合法化，但供应仅限于家庭生产和赠送——不允许零售。2013 年，乌拉圭总统何塞·穆希卡批准了一项具有至少三个显著特点的大麻合法化法案。最重要的是，它使乌拉圭成为世界上第一个取消非医疗目的大麻供应禁令的国家。其次，乌拉圭对大麻供应的中间立场介于美国通常讨论的两种选择之间：禁止与标准商业模式。第三，该法律是由政治家而不是选民批准的。
