Cardiff University.
Psychol Bull. 2017 Jul;143(7):735-756. doi: 10.1037/bul0000104. Epub 2017 Apr 3.
It has been argued that there is a "subjective present" or "experienced moment" of about 3 seconds in duration, involving automatic binding of events into perceptual units on that time scale. Research on topics that have been taken as relevant to this proposal is reviewed. The topics include accuracy in reproduction of stimulus durations, synchronization of behavior with a regular beat, mental rhythmization of a regular beat, time units in behavior, segmentation of observed behavior into meaningful units, time scale of reversals of perception with bistable ambiguous figures, time scale of inhibition of return in visual search, and EEG responses to deviant stimuli in series of repeating stimuli. Most of the research findings were not consistent with the 3 s window hypothesis. The small amount of supportive evidence is better interpreted as effects of specific processing mechanisms, not as showing general temporal integration. The evidence shows that temporal integration occurs on multiple time scales and no particular duration is special, and that windows of temporal integration are defined in terms of information density, not in terms of duration. The subjective present is constructed through local temporal integration on multiple time scales, further integrated into a coherent global representation of what is going on. (PsycINFO Database Record
有人认为，大约有 3 秒钟的“主观现在”或“体验时刻”，涉及到在那个时间尺度上将事件自动绑定到感知单元。对被认为与这一建议相关的主题进行了研究。这些主题包括刺激持续时间再现的准确性、与规则节拍的行为同步、规则节拍的心理节奏化、行为中的时间单元、将观察到的行为分割成有意义的单元、双稳态模糊图形中感知反转的时间尺度、视觉搜索中返回抑制的时间尺度，以及在重复刺激系列中对异常刺激的 EEG 反应。大多数研究结果与 3 秒窗口假说不一致。少量支持性证据更好地解释为特定处理机制的影响，而不是显示一般的时间整合。证据表明，时间整合发生在多个时间尺度上，没有特定的持续时间是特殊的，时间整合窗口是根据信息密度定义的，而不是根据持续时间定义的。主观现在是通过多个时间尺度上的局部时间整合构建的，进一步整合为正在发生的事情的连贯的全局表示。
