Farvid Maryam S, Malekshah Akbar F, Pourshams Akram, Poustchi Hossein, Sepanlou Sadaf G, Sharafkhah Maryam, Khoshnia Masoud, Farvid Mojtaba, Abnet Christian C, Kamangar Farin, Dawsey Sanford M, Brennan Paul, Pharoah Paul D, Boffetta Paolo, Willett Walter C, Malekzadeh Reza
Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Harvard/MGH Center on Genomics, Vulnerable Populations, and Health Disparities, Mongan Institute for Health Policy, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Am J Epidemiol. 2017 Apr 15;185(8):697-711. doi: 10.1093/aje/kww139.
We investigated the association between dairy product consumption and all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer mortality in the Golestan Cohort Study, a prospective cohort study launched in January 2004 in Golestan Province, northeastern Iran. A total of 42,403 men and women participated in the study and completed a diet questionnaire at enrollment. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals. We documented 3,291 deaths (1,467 from CVD and 859 from cancer) during 11 years of follow-up (2004-2015). The highest quintile of total dairy product consumption (versus the lowest) was associated with 19% lower all-cause mortality risk (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.81, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.72, 0.91; Ptrend = 0.006) and 28% lower CVD mortality risk (HR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.60, 0.86; Ptrend = 0.005). High consumption of low-fat dairy food was associated with lower risk of all-cause (HR = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.73, 0.94; Ptrend = 0.002) and CVD (HR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.61, 0.89; Ptrend = 0.001) mortality. We noted 11% lower all-cause mortality and 16% lower CVD mortality risk with high yogurt intake. Cheese intake was associated with 16% lower all-cause mortality and 26% lower CVD mortality risk. Higher intake of high-fat dairy food and milk was not associated with all-cause or CVD mortality. Neither intake of individual dairy products nor intake of total dairy products was significantly associated with overall cancer mortality. High consumption of dairy products, especially yogurt and cheese, may reduce the risk of overall and CVD mortality.
在2004年1月于伊朗东北部戈勒斯坦省发起的一项前瞻性队列研究——戈勒斯坦队列研究中，我们调查了乳制品消费与全因死亡率、心血管疾病（CVD）死亡率和癌症死亡率之间的关联。共有42403名男性和女性参与了该研究，并在入组时完成了一份饮食问卷。使用Cox比例风险模型来估计风险比和95%置信区间。在11年的随访期（2004年至2015年）内，我们记录了3291例死亡（1467例死于心血管疾病，859例死于癌症）。总乳制品消费量最高的五分位数（与最低五分位数相比）与全因死亡率风险降低19%相关（风险比（HR）=0.81，95%置信区间（CI）：0.72，0.91；P趋势=0.006），与心血管疾病死亡率风险降低28%相关（HR =0.72，95%CI：0.60，0.86；P趋势=0.005）。低脂乳制品的高消费量与全因（HR =0.83，95%CI：0.73，0.94；P趋势=0.002）和心血管疾病（HR =0.74，95%CI：0.61，0.89；P趋势=0.001）死亡率风险降低相关。我们注意到，高酸奶摄入量可使全因死亡率降低11%，心血管疾病死亡率风险降低16%。奶酪摄入量与全因死亡率降低16%和心血管疾病死亡率风险降低26%相关。高脂肪乳制品和牛奶的较高摄入量与全因或心血管疾病死亡率无关。个体乳制品的摄入量和总乳制品的摄入量均与总体癌症死亡率无显著关联。高乳制品消费量，尤其是酸奶和奶酪，可能会降低总体和心血管疾病死亡率风险。
