Kiaeian Moosavi F, Cargnus E, Pavan F, Zandigiacomo P
Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences (DI4A), University of Udine, Via delle Scienze, 206, 33100 Udine, Italy (
Environ Entomol. 2017 Jun 1;46(3):700-707. doi: 10.1093/ee/nvx035.
The hypothesis that bunch-zone leaf removal reduces infestations of the European grapevine moth, Lobesia botrana (Denis & Schiffermüller) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), by increasing egg and larval mortality owing to sunlight exposure was evaluated in the laboratory by subjecting different egg stages (white, red-eyes, and black-head) and newly hatched larvae to high temperatures. Based on temperatures recorded in a northern Italian vineyard on sun-exposed berries belonging to south-west facing bunches, eggs were subjected to constant temperatures of 40 °C and 37 °C for one or two periods of 3 or 6 h, and to 24-h temperature cycle with peak of 40 °C. Larvae were exposed to 24-h high-temperature cycles with peaks of 35, 37, and 40 °C. The results showed partial egg mortality at 40 °C, increasing with exposure hours and periods, and as eggs matured. Egg mortality was not affected by exposure to 37 °C. Larval survival already decreased significantly at 37 °C and was even lower at 40 °C. These laboratory data are in agreement with the hypothesis that temperatures reached by berries exposed to sunlight cause egg and larval mortality. Data on egg and larval susceptibility to high temperatures have also implications for species distribution and effects of climate change.
通过将不同卵期（白色、红眼和黑头）以及新孵化的幼虫置于高温环境中，在实验室对“去除串状区域叶片通过增加因阳光照射导致的卵和幼虫死亡率来减少欧洲葡萄蛾（Lobesia botrana (Denis & Schiffermüller)，鳞翅目：卷蛾科）的侵害”这一假设进行了评估。根据意大利北部一个葡萄园在朝南西向串状果实上暴露于阳光下的浆果所记录的温度，将卵置于40°C和37°C的恒定温度下，分别进行一或两个3小时或6小时的处理，以及峰值为40°C的24小时温度循环处理。将幼虫暴露于峰值为35°C、37°C和40°C的24小时高温循环中。结果表明，在40°C时卵有部分死亡率，随着暴露时间、处理次数以及卵的成熟而增加。暴露于37°C对卵死亡率没有影响。幼虫在37°C时存活率就已显著下降，在40°C时更低。这些实验室数据与“暴露于阳光下的浆果所达到的温度会导致卵和幼虫死亡”这一假设相符。关于卵和幼虫对高温敏感性的数据也对物种分布和气候变化的影响具有重要意义。
