1 Hans-Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
2 Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
Neuroscientist. 2018 Feb;24(1):36-53. doi: 10.1177/1073858417701382. Epub 2017 Apr 5.
In recent years, considerable progress has been achieved in deciphering the cellular and network functions of GABAergic transmission in the intact developing brain. First, in vivo studies in non-mammalian and mammalian species confirmed the long-held assumption that GABA acts as a mainly depolarizing neurotransmitter at early developmental stages. At the same time, GABAergic transmission was shown to spatiotemporally constrain spontaneous cortical activity, whereas firm evidence for GABAergic excitation in vivo is currently missing. Second, there is a growing body of evidence indicating that depolarizing GABA may contribute to the activity-dependent refinement of neural circuits. Third, alterations in GABA actions have been causally linked to developmental brain disorders and identified as potential targets of timed prophylactic interventions. In this article, we review these major recent findings and argue that both depolarizing and inhibitory GABA actions may be crucial for physiological brain maturation.
近年来，在破译完整发育大脑中 GABA 能传递的细胞和网络功能方面取得了相当大的进展。首先，在非哺乳动物和哺乳动物物种中的体内研究证实了 GABA 在早期发育阶段主要作为去极化神经递质的长期假设。同时，GABA 能传递被证明在时空上限制了皮质自发活动，而目前体内 GABA 能兴奋的确凿证据仍然缺乏。其次，越来越多的证据表明，去极化 GABA 可能有助于神经回路的活动依赖性细化。第三，GABA 作用的改变已被因果关系与发育性脑疾病联系起来，并被确定为定时预防性干预的潜在目标。在本文中，我们回顾了这些主要的最新发现，并认为去极化和抑制性 GABA 作用可能对生理大脑成熟至关重要。
