La Torre G, Sciarra I, Chiappetta M, Monteduro A
Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Sapienza Università di Roma.
Managing Editor Senses and Sciences.
Clin Ter. 2017 Mar-Apr;168(2):e65-e71. doi: 10.7417/CT.2017.1985.
INTRODUCTION: Bibliometrics is a science which evaluates the impact of the scientific work of a journal or of an author, using mathematical and statistical tools. Impact Factor (IF) is the first bibliometric parameter created, and after it many others have been progressively conceived in order to go beyond its limits. Currently bibliometric indexes are used for academic purposes, among them to evaluate the eligibility of a researcher to compete for the National Scientific Qualification, in order to access to competitive exams to become professor. OBJECTIVE: Aim of this study is to identify the most relevant bibliometric indexes and to summarized their characteristics. METHODS: A revision of bibliometric indexes as been conducted, starting from the classic ones and completing with the most recent ones. RESULTS: The two most used bibliometric indexes are the IF, which measures the scientific impact of a periodical and bases on Web of Science citation database, and the h-index, which measures the impact of the scientific work of a researcher, basing on Scopus database. Besides them other indexes have been created more recently, such as the SCImago Journal Rank Indicator (SJR), the Source Normalised Impact per Paper (SNIP) and the CiteScore index. They are all based on Scopus database and evaluate, in different ways, the citational impact of a periodic. The i10-index instead is provided from Google Scholar database and allows to evaluate the impact of the scientific production of a researcher. Recently two softwares have been introduced: the first one, Publish or Perish, allows to evaluate the scientific work of a researcher, through the assessment of many indexes; the second one, Altmetric, measure the use in the Web of the academic papers, instead of measuring citations, by means of alternative metrics respect to the traditional ones. CONCLUSIONS: Each analized index shows advantages but also criticalities. Therefore the combined use of more than one indexes, citational and not, should be preferred, in order to correctly evaluate the work of reserchers and to finally improve the quality and the development of scientific research.
引言：文献计量学是一门利用数学和统计工具评估期刊或作者科研工作影响力的学科。影响因子（IF）是创建的首个文献计量学参数，在此之后，为了突破其局限性，又逐步构思出许多其他参数。目前，文献计量学指标用于学术目的，其中包括评估研究人员竞争国家科学资格的资格，以便参加竞争性考试成为教授。 目的：本研究的目的是确定最相关的文献计量学指标并总结其特征。 方法：对文献计量学指标进行了修订，从经典指标开始，直至最新指标。 结果：两个使用最广泛的文献计量学指标是影响因子，它衡量期刊的科学影响力，基于科学引文索引（Web of Science）引文数据库；以及h指数，它衡量研究人员科研工作的影响力，基于Scopus数据库。除此之外，最近还创建了其他指标，如Scimago期刊排名指标（SJR）、每篇论文的源标准化影响（SNIP）和CiteScore指数。它们都基于Scopus数据库，并以不同方式评估期刊的引用影响力。而i10指数则由谷歌学术数据库提供，可用于评估研究人员科研成果的影响力。最近引入了两款软件：第一款是Publish or Perish，它可以通过评估多个指标来评估研究人员的科研工作；第二款是Altmetric，它通过相对于传统指标的替代指标来衡量学术论文在网络中的使用情况，而不是衡量引用次数。 结论：每个分析的指标都有优点也有缺点。因此，为了正确评估研究人员的工作并最终提高科研质量和发展，应优先考虑结合使用多个指标，包括引用指标和非引用指标。
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