Skarin Nordenvall Anna, Norrby Christina, Butwicka Agnieszka, Frisén Louise, Nordenström Anna, Almqvist Catarina, Nordenskjöld Agneta
Department of Women's and Children's Health, and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Department of Pediatric Surgery, Astrid Lindgren Children´s Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
PLoS One. 2017 Apr 6;12(4):e0174923. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174923. eCollection 2017.
In this nationwide matched cohort study, we have investigated whether being born with hypospadias affect subsequent psychosocial outcomes in adulthood. We analyzed prospectively collected data from national Swedish registers. Data on the diagnoses were collected from the National Patient Register and the Medical Birth Register. Data on psychosocial outcomes such as educational and income level, marital status and disability pension were collected from Statistics Sweden. The effects of covariates, such as age, county of birth, presence of other malformations and psychiatric illness, were taken into account. The associations between hypospadias and psychosocial outcomes were calculated using conditional logistic regression and expressed as odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). We included 4378 men diagnosed with hypospadias, born between 1969 and 1993 in Sweden. Patients with hypospadias were matched with unaffected men by year of birth and birth county. We did not detect any differences in educational or income level. The probability of entering marriage (OR 1.02, 95% CI 0.90-1.14) did not differ, regardless of phenotype. We did, however, detect a 40% increased probability of receiving a disability pension, (OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.20-1.61). In conclusion, men born with hypospadias in Sweden do not differ from unaffected men with respect to the majority of psychosocial outcomes studied. They are, however, at increased risk of receiving a disability pension, which motivates further investigations.
在这项全国性匹配队列研究中，我们调查了先天性尿道下裂是否会影响成年后的社会心理结局。我们分析了从瑞典国家登记册前瞻性收集的数据。诊断数据来自国家患者登记册和医疗出生登记册。社会心理结局数据，如教育程度和收入水平、婚姻状况和残疾抚恤金，来自瑞典统计局。我们考虑了协变量的影响，如年龄、出生县、是否存在其他畸形和精神疾病。使用条件逻辑回归计算尿道下裂与社会心理结局之间的关联，并以优势比（OR）和95%置信区间（CI）表示。我们纳入了4378名1969年至1993年在瑞典出生、被诊断为尿道下裂的男性。尿道下裂患者按出生年份和出生县与未受影响的男性进行匹配。我们未发现教育程度或收入水平存在差异。无论表型如何，进入婚姻的概率（OR 1.02，95%CI 0.90 - 1.14）没有差异。然而，我们确实发现领取残疾抚恤金的概率增加了40%（OR 1.39，95%CI 1.20 - 1.61）。总之，在瑞典，出生时患有尿道下裂的男性在大多数研究的社会心理结局方面与未受影响的男性没有差异。然而，他们领取残疾抚恤金的风险增加，这促使我们进行进一步调查。
