Gomez D E, Arroyo L G, Costa M C, Viel L, Weese J S
Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
J Vet Intern Med. 2017 May;31(3):928-939. doi: 10.1111/jvim.14695. Epub 2017 Apr 7.
Neonatal diarrhea accounts for more than 50% of total deaths in dairy calves. Few population-based studies of cattle have investigated how the microbiota is impacted during diarrhea.
To characterize the fecal microbiota and predict the functional potential of the microbial communities in healthy and diarrheic calves.
Fifteen diarrheic calves between the ages of 1 and 30 days and 15 age-matched healthy control calves were enrolled from 2 dairy farms. The Illumina MiSeq sequencer was used for high-throughput sequencing of the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene (Illumina, San Diego, CA).
Significant differences in community membership and structure were identified among healthy calves from different farms. Differences in community membership and structure also were identified between healthy and diarrheic calves within each farm. Based on linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe), the genera Bifidobacterium, Megamonas, and a genus of the family Bifidobacteriaceae were associated with health at farm 1, whereas Lachnospiraceae incertae sedis, Dietzia and an unclassified genus of the family Veillonellaceae were significantly associated with health at farm 2. The Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt) analysis indicated that diarrheic calves had decreased abundances of genes responsible for metabolism of various vitamins, amino acids, and carbohydrate.
The fecal microbiota of healthy dairy calves appeared to be farm specific as were the changes observed during diarrhea. The differences in microbiota structure and membership between healthy and diarrheic calves suggest that dysbiosis can occur in diarrheic calves and it is associated with changes in predictive metagenomic function.
新生犊牛腹泻导致的死亡占奶牛犊总死亡数的50%以上。很少有基于群体的牛研究调查腹泻期间微生物群是如何受到影响的。
描述健康和腹泻犊牛粪便微生物群的特征，并预测微生物群落的功能潜力。
从2个奶牛场招募了15头年龄在1至30天之间的腹泻犊牛和15头年龄匹配的健康对照犊牛。使用Illumina MiSeq测序仪对16S rRNA基因的V4区域进行高通量测序（Illumina，加利福尼亚州圣地亚哥）。
不同奶牛场的健康犊牛之间在群落组成和结构上存在显著差异。每个奶牛场内健康犊牛和腹泻犊牛之间在群落组成和结构上也存在差异。基于线性判别分析效应大小（LEfSe），双歧杆菌属、巨单胞菌属和双歧杆菌科的一个属与农场1的健康相关，而未定科的毛螺菌科、Dietzia菌属和韦荣球菌科的一个未分类属与农场2的健康显著相关。未观察状态群落重建的系统发育调查（PICRUSt）分析表明，腹泻犊牛中负责各种维生素、氨基酸和碳水化合物代谢的基因丰度降低。
健康奶牛犊的粪便微生物群似乎具有农场特异性，腹泻期间观察到的变化也是如此。健康犊牛和腹泻犊牛之间微生物群结构和组成的差异表明，腹泻犊牛可能发生生态失调，这与预测的宏基因组功能变化有关。
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