Barzilay Shira, Brunstein Klomek Anat, Apter Alan, Carli Vladimir, Wasserman Camilla, Hadlaczky Gergö, Hoven Christina W, Sarchiapone Marco, Balazs Judit, Kereszteny Agnes, Brunner Romuald, Kaess Michael, Bobes Julio, Saiz Pilar, Cosman Doina, Haring Christian, Banzer Raphaela, Corcoran Paul, Kahn Jean-Pierre, Postuvan Vita, Podlogar Tina, Sisask Merike, Varnik Airi, Wasserman Danuta
Feinberg Child Study Centre, Schneider Children's Medical Centre, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
Feinberg Child Study Centre, Schneider Children's Medical Centre, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, Interdisciplinary Center (IDC), Herzliya, Israel.
J Adolesc Health. 2017 Aug;61(2):179-186. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2017.02.002. Epub 2017 Apr 5.
To examine risk and protective factors moderating the associations between three types of bullying victimization (physical, verbal, and relational bullying) with suicide ideation/attempts in a large representative sample of European adolescents.
We analyzed cross-sectional data on 11,110 students (mean age = 14.9, standard deviation = .89) recruited from 168 schools in 10 European Union countries involved in the Saving and Empowering Young Lives in Europe study. A self-report questionnaire was used to measure victimization types, depression, anxiety, parental and peer support, and suicide ideation and attempts. For each outcome, we applied hierarchical nonlinear models controlling for sociodemographics.
Prevalence of victimization was 9.4% physical, 36.1% verbal, and 33.0% relational. Boys were more likely to be physically and verbally victimized, whereas girls were more prone to relational victimization. Physical victimization was associated with suicide ideation, and relational victimization was associated with suicide attempts. Other associations between victimization and suicidality (ideation/attempts) were identified through analysis of interactions with additional risk and protective factors. Specifically, verbal victimization was associated with suicide ideation among adolescents with depression who perceived low parental support. Similarly, low peer support increased the associations between verbal victimization and suicide ideation. Verbal victimization was associated with suicide attempts among adolescents with anxiety who perceived low parental support.
Findings support the development of prevention strategies for adolescent victims of bullying who may be at elevated risk for suicide ideation/behavior, by taking into account gender, the type of bullying, symptomatology, and availability of interpersonal support.
在欧洲青少年的大型代表性样本中，研究调节三种类型的欺凌受害情况（身体欺凌、言语欺凌和关系欺凌）与自杀意念/自杀未遂之间关联的风险和保护因素。
我们分析了参与“拯救和增强欧洲年轻人生命”研究的10个欧盟国家168所学校招募的11110名学生（平均年龄 = 14.9，标准差 = 0.89）的横断面数据。使用一份自填式问卷来测量受害类型、抑郁、焦虑、父母和同伴支持以及自杀意念和自杀未遂情况。对于每个结果，我们应用了控制社会人口统计学因素的分层非线性模型。
身体欺凌受害率为9.4%，言语欺凌受害率为36.1%，关系欺凌受害率为33.0%。男孩更容易遭受身体和言语欺凌，而女孩更容易遭受关系欺凌。身体欺凌与自杀意念相关，关系欺凌与自杀未遂相关。通过分析与其他风险和保护因素的相互作用，确定了受害情况与自杀倾向（意念/未遂）之间的其他关联。具体而言，言语欺凌与父母支持度低且患有抑郁症的青少年的自杀意念相关。同样，同伴支持度低会增加言语欺凌与自杀意念之间的关联。言语欺凌与父母支持度低且患有焦虑症的青少年的自杀未遂相关。
研究结果支持制定针对可能有较高自杀意念/行为风险的受欺凌青少年的预防策略，要考虑到性别、欺凌类型、症状以及人际支持的可获得性。
