Hakura A
Dept. of Tumor Virology, Osaka University.
Gan To Kagaku Ryoho. 1988 Jul;15(7):2011-21.
Papillomaviruses are causative agents of benign tumor (papilloma) and are widely distributed in most of animals. The papillomaviruses are small DNA viruses grouped in the papovavirus family. The genomes of all papillomaviruses pce double stranded circular DNA of approximately 8 K. base pairs. Classification of the viruses is presently based on the host range and relatedness of the nucleic acids. In the case of human papillomavirus (HPV), more than 50 types have been isolated. The amount of information about the HPV has grown considerably in the last few years, and at present it has been considered that the specific types of HPV are involved in the development of human genital cancer and the skin cancer developed in the patients with EV (epidermodysplasia verruciformis). The reasons are; i) Epidemiological evidence distinctly indicates that cervical carcinoma and other high-grade lesions of female and male genital tracts derive from a sexually transmitted disease. ii) Many cervical carcinomas, most cell lines derived from the carcinoma and almost all skin tumors of EV patient contain specific types of HPV DNA (genital tumors; HPV-16, 18, 31, 33 and 25, skin tumor of EV patient; HPV-5, 8, 17 and 20). Moreover, genetic information of the viruses can be detected in the cancer cells. iii) Follow-up studies of HPV carriers suggested that HPV-16, 18 have high oncogenic potential. iv) Oncogenic functions (transformation and immortalization) can be detected in the early genetic region of HPV-16 DNA. v) Cottontail rabbit papillomavirus (CRPV) induces tumor in rabbit (and that almost all of these tumors contain CRPV DNA. When rabbits are infected with CRPV, benign papillomas are induced in 100% of the rabbits and the lesion are progressed to skin cancer at the frequency of 40-60%). In human cases, however, the presence of specific types of HPV does not seem to be sufficient to assure the development of benign tumors into carcinomas, since only a part of all such cases progress after latent period of several to several ten years. This emphasizes that other etiological agents or cofactors must be involved.
乳头瘤病毒是良性肿瘤（乳头瘤）的病原体，广泛分布于大多数动物中。乳头瘤病毒是归类于乳多空病毒科的小型DNA病毒。所有乳头瘤病毒的基因组均为约8千碱基对的双链环状DNA。目前病毒的分类基于宿主范围和核酸的相关性。就人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）而言，已分离出50多种类型。在过去几年中，有关HPV的信息量大幅增长，目前已认为特定类型的HPV与人类生殖器癌以及疣状表皮发育不良（EV）患者发生的皮肤癌的发展有关。原因如下：i）流行病学证据明确表明，宫颈癌和其他男女生殖道的高级别病变源自性传播疾病。ii）许多宫颈癌、大多数源自该癌症的细胞系以及几乎所有EV患者的皮肤肿瘤都含有特定类型的HPV DNA（生殖器肿瘤；HPV-16、18、31、33和25，EV患者的皮肤肿瘤；HPV-5、8、17和20）。此外，在癌细胞中可检测到病毒的遗传信息。iii）对HPV携带者的随访研究表明，HPV-16、18具有很高的致癌潜力。iv）在HPV-16 DNA的早期基因区域可检测到致癌功能（转化和永生化）。v）棉尾兔乳头瘤病毒（CRPV）可在兔子中诱发肿瘤（并且几乎所有这些肿瘤都含有CRPV DNA。当兔子感染CRPV时，100%的兔子会诱发良性乳头瘤，并且病变会以40-60%的频率发展为皮肤癌）。然而，在人类病例中，特定类型的HPV的存在似乎不足以确保良性肿瘤发展为癌，因为在所有此类病例中，只有一部分在数年至数十年的潜伏期后会进展。这强调了一定涉及其他病因或辅助因素。
