Vantieghem Michelle R, Gabard-Durnam Laurel, Goff Bonnie, Flannery Jessica, Humphreys Kathryn L, Telzer Eva H, Caldera Christina, Louie Jennifer Y, Shapiro Mor, Bolger Niall, Tottenham Nim
Columbia University.
University of California,Los Angeles.
Dev Psychopathol. 2017 May;29(2):519-533. doi: 10.1017/S0954579417000153.
Institutional caregiving is associated with significant deviations from species-expected caregiving, altering the normative sequence of attachment formation and placing children at risk for long-term emotional difficulties. However, little is known about factors that can promote resilience following early institutional caregiving. In the current study, we investigated how adaptations in affective processing (i.e., positive valence bias) and family-level protective factors (i.e., secure parent-child relationships) moderate risk for internalizing symptoms in previously institutionalized (PI) youth. Children and adolescents with and without a history of institutional care performed a laboratory-based affective processing task and self-reported measures of parent-child relationship security. PI youth were more likely than comparison youth to show positive valence biases when interpreting ambiguous facial expressions. Both positive valence bias and parent-child relationship security moderated the association between institutional care and parent-reported internalizing symptoms, such that greater positive valence bias and more secure parent-child relationships predicted fewer symptoms in PI youth. However, when both factors were tested concurrently, parent-child relationship security more strongly moderated the link between PI status and internalizing symptoms. These findings suggest that both individual-level adaptations in affective processing and family-level factors of secure parent-child relationships may ameliorate risk for internalizing psychopathology following early institutional caregiving.
机构照料与严重偏离物种预期的照料方式相关，这改变了依恋形成的正常顺序，并使儿童面临长期情绪问题的风险。然而，对于早期机构照料后能够促进恢复力的因素，我们知之甚少。在当前的研究中，我们调查了情感加工方面的适应性（即正性效价偏差）和家庭层面的保护因素（即安全的亲子关系）如何调节曾在机构中生活过的（PI）青少年出现内化症状的风险。有和没有机构照料史的儿童及青少年完成了一项基于实验室的情感加工任务，并自我报告了亲子关系安全程度的测量结果。在解释模糊面部表情时，PI青少年比对照组青少年更有可能表现出正性效价偏差。正性效价偏差和亲子关系安全都调节了机构照料与家长报告的内化症状之间的关联，即更强的正性效价偏差和更安全的亲子关系预示着PI青少年的症状更少。然而，当同时检验这两个因素时，亲子关系安全更有力地调节了PI状态与内化症状之间的联系。这些发现表明，情感加工方面的个体层面适应性和安全亲子关系的家庭层面因素都可能减轻早期机构照料后出现内化心理病理学的风险。
