Jawad M, McIver C
Public Health Policy Evaluation Unit, Imperial College London, Hammersmith, W6 8RP, United Kingdom.
Department of Public Health, Stoke-on-Trent City Council, Stoke-on-Trent, ST4 1HH United Kingdom.
Public Health. 2017 May;146:32-38. doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2016.12.028. Epub 2017 Feb 4.
Waterpipe tobacco smoking has received little epidemiological and policy attention in the UK despite reports of increasing prevalence alongside an anecdotally non-compliant industry. This study aimed to determine how waterpipe tobacco smoking is changing among young people in the UK, both in terms of prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of use, and to quantify the extent of illegal underage use in waterpipe-serving premises in the UK.
Repeat cross-sectional.
A secondary analysis of two cross-sectional surveys (total N = 3376), conducted in 2013 and 2015 among secondary school students aged 11-16 years in Stoke-on-Trent, measured lifetime (both surveys) and regular (at least monthly; 2015 survey only) waterpipe tobacco prevalence and location of usual use. Logistic regression models measured the association between independent variables (age, sex, ethnicity, presence of free school meals, cigarette smoking status) with lifetime and regular waterpipe tobacco use, and with illegal underage use; the latter defined as usually smoking waterpipe tobacco in a waterpipe-serving premise.
Lifetime waterpipe tobacco prevalence remained similar in 2013 (13.7%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 12.0-15.4%) and 2015 (14.6%, 95% CI 12.8-16.4%), whereas regular use was measured at 2.9% (95% CI 2.1-3.8%) in 2015. Older, non-white, males who concurrently used cigarettes had higher odds of lifetime waterpipe tobacco use. Illegal underage use was reported among 27.1% of all regular users, correlates of which included increasing age and South Asian ethnicity. The presence of free school meals was not associated with lifetime or regular waterpipe tobacco prevalence, nor illegal underage use.
Increased monitoring of waterpipe tobacco prevalence and patterns, including the underage policy compliance of waterpipe-serving premises, is needed to help inform policy decisions to control waterpipe tobacco use.
尽管有报告称水烟吸食在英国的流行率不断上升，且该行业存在传闻中的违规现象，但水烟吸食在英国几乎未受到流行病学和政策方面的关注。本研究旨在确定英国年轻人中水烟吸食在流行率和使用的社会人口学相关因素方面是如何变化的，并量化英国水烟服务场所非法未成年人使用水烟的程度。
重复横断面研究。
对2013年和2015年在特伦特河畔斯托克对11至16岁中学生进行的两项横断面调查（总样本量N = 3376）进行二次分析，测量终生（两项调查）和经常（至少每月一次；仅2015年调查）水烟吸食流行率及通常使用地点。逻辑回归模型测量自变量（年龄、性别、种族、是否有免费校餐、吸烟状况）与终生和经常水烟吸食以及非法未成年人使用之间的关联；后者定义为通常在水烟服务场所吸食水烟。
2013年终生水烟吸食流行率为13.7%（95%置信区间[CI] 12.0 - 15.4%），2015年为14.6%（95% CI 12.8 - 16.4%），保持相似；而2015年经常使用率为2.9%（95% CI 2.1 - 3.8%）。年龄较大、非白人、同时吸食香烟的男性终生吸食水烟的几率更高。在所有经常使用者中，27.1%报告有非法未成年人使用情况，其相关因素包括年龄增长和南亚种族。是否有免费校餐与终生或经常水烟吸食流行率以及非法未成年人使用均无关联。
需要加强对水烟吸食流行率和模式的监测，包括水烟服务场所的未成年人政策合规情况，以帮助为控制水烟吸食的政策决策提供信息。
