Grieger Jessica A, Johnson Brittany J, Wycherley Thomas P, Golley Rebecca K
School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences.
School of Health Sciences, and.
J Nutr. 2017 May;147(5):908-931. doi: 10.3945/jn.116.245027. Epub 2017 Apr 12.
Dietary simulation modeling can predict dietary strategies that may improve nutritional or health outcomes. The study aims were to undertake a systematic review of simulation studies that model dietary strategies aiming to improve nutritional intake, body weight, and related chronic disease, and to assess the methodologic and reporting quality of these models. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guided the search strategy with studies located through electronic searches [Cochrane Library, Ovid (MEDLINE and Embase), EBSCOhost (CINAHL), and Scopus]. Study findings were described and dietary modeling methodology and reporting quality were critiqued by using a set of quality criteria adapted for dietary modeling from general modeling guidelines. Forty-five studies were included and categorized as modeling moderation, substitution, reformulation, or promotion dietary strategies. Moderation and reformulation strategies targeted individual nutrients or foods to theoretically improve one particular nutrient or health outcome, estimating small to modest improvements. Substituting unhealthy foods with healthier choices was estimated to be effective across a range of nutrients, including an estimated reduction in intake of saturated fatty acids, sodium, and added sugar. Promotion of fruits and vegetables predicted marginal changes in intake. Overall, the quality of the studies was moderate to high, with certain features of the quality criteria consistently reported. Based on the results of reviewed simulation dietary modeling studies, targeting a variety of foods rather than individual foods or nutrients theoretically appears most effective in estimating improvements in nutritional intake, particularly reducing intake of nutrients commonly consumed in excess. A combination of strategies could theoretically be used to deliver the best improvement in outcomes. Study quality was moderate to high. However, given the lack of dietary simulation reporting guidelines, future work could refine the quality tool to harmonize consistency in the reporting of subsequent dietary modeling studies.
饮食模拟建模可以预测可能改善营养或健康结果的饮食策略。本研究的目的是对模拟研究进行系统综述，这些研究对旨在改善营养摄入、体重及相关慢性病的饮食策略进行建模，并评估这些模型的方法学质量和报告质量。系统评价和Meta分析的首选报告项目（PRISMA）指导了检索策略，通过电子检索（Cochrane图书馆、Ovid（MEDLINE和Embase）、EBSCOhost（CINAHL）和Scopus）找到相关研究。描述了研究结果，并使用从一般建模指南改编而来的一套适用于饮食建模的质量标准，对饮食建模方法和报告质量进行了批判。纳入了45项研究，并将其分类为对节制、替代、重新配方或促进饮食策略进行建模。节制和重新配方策略针对个别营养素或食物，理论上是为了改善某一特定营养素或健康结果，估计有小到中等程度的改善。用更健康的选择替代不健康食品在一系列营养素方面估计是有效的，包括饱和脂肪酸、钠和添加糖摄入量的估计减少。促进水果和蔬菜的摄入预计会使摄入量有微小变化。总体而言，研究质量为中等至高，质量标准的某些特征得到了一致报告。基于所综述的模拟饮食建模研究结果，从理论上讲，针对多种食物而非个别食物或营养素，在估计营养摄入改善方面似乎最有效，特别是减少通常过量摄入的营养素的摄入量。理论上可以使用多种策略组合来实现最佳的结果改善。研究质量为中等至高。然而，鉴于缺乏饮食模拟报告指南，未来的工作可以完善质量工具，以协调后续饮食建模研究报告的一致性。
