Lindsay Ana Cristina, Greaney Mary L, Wallington Sherrie F, Mesa Tatiana, Salas Carlos F
Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA.
Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
J Spec Pediatr Nurs. 2017 Jul;22(3). doi: 10.1111/jspn.12182. Epub 2017 Apr 13.
Promoting physical activity (PA) is a key component of preventing and controlling childhood obesity. Despite well-documented benefits of PA, globally, rates of PA among young children have declined over the past decades, and most children are not accruing sufficient PA daily. Helping children develop the foundation for PA habits early in life is critical for the promotion of health in childhood and prevention of chronic diseases later in life, and will ultimately promote longer and healthier lives for individuals and the general population. The purpose of this review is to provide a synthesis of current evidence on influences on PA and sedentary behaviors of preschool-age children in high-income countries.
A systematic review of three databases was performed. Studies conducted in high-income countries and published from 2000 onward that addressed influences on PA and sedentary behaviors of preschool-age children were identified and reviewed. Additionally, reference lists of identified articles and relevant published reviews were reviewed. Studies that met the following inclusion criteria were considered: (a) sample included preschoolers (age ≤5 years); (b) PA and/or sedentary behaviors or factors associated with PA and/or sedentary behaviors was assessed; (c) published in English; (d) used either quantitative or qualitative methods; and (e) conducted in a high-income country. Data were extracted from selected studies to identify influences on PA and sedentary behaviors of preschool-age children and organized using the social-ecological model according to multiple levels of influence.
Results from included studies identify multiple factors that influence PA and sedentary behaviors of young children in high-income countries at the various levels of the social-ecological model including intrapersonal, interpersonal, environmental, organizational, and policy.
Given pediatric nurses' role as primary care providers, and their frequent and continued contact with parents and their children throughout childhood through well-child visits, immunization, and minor acute illnesses, they are well positioned to promote and support the development of early healthful PA habits of children starting in early childhood.
促进身体活动（PA）是预防和控制儿童肥胖的关键组成部分。尽管有充分的证据表明PA有益，但在全球范围内，幼儿的PA水平在过去几十年中有所下降，大多数儿童每天的PA量不足。帮助儿童在生命早期养成PA习惯的基础，对于促进儿童期健康和预防成年后患慢性病至关重要，并最终将促进个人和普通人群更长寿、更健康的生活。本综述的目的是综合当前关于高收入国家学龄前儿童PA和久坐行为影响因素的证据。
对三个数据库进行了系统综述。确定并综述了2000年以后在高收入国家进行的、探讨学龄前儿童PA和久坐行为影响因素的研究。此外，还查阅了已识别文章的参考文献列表和相关的已发表综述。符合以下纳入标准的研究被纳入考虑：（a）样本包括学龄前儿童（年龄≤5岁）；（b）评估了PA和/或久坐行为或与PA和/或久坐行为相关的因素；（c）以英文发表；（d）采用定量或定性方法；（e）在高收入国家进行。从选定的研究中提取数据，以确定对学龄前儿童PA和久坐行为的影响，并根据社会生态模型按照多个影响层面进行组织。
纳入研究的结果确定了在社会生态模型的各个层面（包括个人、人际、环境、组织和政策层面）影响高收入国家幼儿PA和久坐行为的多个因素。
鉴于儿科护士作为初级保健提供者的角色，以及他们在儿童期通过健康儿童检查、免疫接种和轻微急性疾病与家长及其子女频繁持续的接触，他们非常适合从幼儿期开始促进和支持儿童养成早期健康的PA习惯。
