Department of Environmental Science, Institute for Wetland and Water Research, Radboud University, Post Office Box 9010, NL-6500 GL, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, Post Office Box 30314, 2500 GH The Hague, Netherlands.
Science. 2017 Apr 14;356(6334):180-183. doi: 10.1126/science.aaj1891. Epub 2017 Apr 13.
Hunting is a major driver of biodiversity loss, but a systematic large-scale estimate of hunting-induced defaunation is lacking. We synthesized 176 studies to quantify hunting-induced declines of mammal and bird populations across the tropics. Bird and mammal abundances declined by 58% (25 to 76%) and by 83% (72 to 90%) in hunted compared with unhunted areas. Bird and mammal populations were depleted within 7 and 40 kilometers from hunters' access points (roads and settlements). Additionally, hunting pressure was higher in areas with better accessibility to major towns where wild meat could be traded. Mammal population densities were lower outside protected areas, particularly because of commercial hunting. Strategies to sustainably manage wild meat hunting in both protected and unprotected tropical ecosystems are urgently needed to avoid further defaunation.
狩猎是生物多样性丧失的主要驱动因素，但缺乏对狩猎导致物种灭绝的系统大规模估计。我们综合了 176 项研究，以量化热带地区狩猎导致的哺乳动物和鸟类种群下降。与未受狩猎影响的地区相比，鸟类和哺乳动物的数量减少了 58%（25%至 76%）和 83%（72%至 90%）。在离猎人的通道（道路和定居点）7 公里至 40 公里的范围内，鸟类和哺乳动物的数量减少。此外，在更容易到达主要城镇的地方，野生动物交易的狩猎压力更高。在保护区外，哺乳动物的种群密度较低，特别是因为商业狩猎。迫切需要制定可持续管理受保护和不受保护的热带生态系统中野生肉类狩猎的策略，以避免进一步的物种灭绝。
