Kim Nam-Soo, Ahn Jaeouk, Lee Byung-Kook, Park Jungsun, Kim Yangho
Institute of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, South Korea.
Department of Medical IT Engineering, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, South Korea.
Environ Res. 2017 Jul;156:468-476. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.04.009. Epub 2017 Apr 14.
Limited information is available on the association of age and sex with blood concentrations of heavy metals in teenagers. In addition, factors such as a shared family environment may have an association. We analyzed data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES, 2010-2013) to determine whether blood levels of heavy metals differ by risk factors such as age, sex, and shared family environment in a representative sample of teenagers.
This study used data obtained in the KNHANES 2010-2013, which had a rolling sampling design that involved a complex, stratified, multistage, probability-cluster survey of a representative sample of the non-institutionalized civilian population in South Korea. Our cross-sectional analysis was restricted to teenagers and their parents who completed the health examination survey, and for whom blood measurements of cadmium, lead, and mercury were available. The final analytical sample consisted of 1585 teenagers, and 376 fathers and 399 mothers who provided measurements of blood heavy metal concentrations.
Male teenagers had greater blood levels of lead and mercury, but sex had no association with blood cadmium level. There were age-related increases in blood cadmium, but blood lead decreased with age, and age had little association with blood mercury. The concentrations of cadmium and mercury declined from 2010 to 2013. The blood concentrations of lead, cadmium, and mercury in teenagers were positively associated with the levels in their parents after adjustment for covariates.
Our results show that blood heavy metal concentrations differ by risk factors such as age, sex, and shared family environment in teenagers.
关于青少年年龄和性别与血液重金属浓度之间的关联，现有信息有限。此外，诸如共同家庭环境等因素可能也存在关联。我们分析了韩国国家健康与营养检查调查（KNHANES，2010 - 2013年）的数据，以确定在具有代表性的青少年样本中，血液重金属水平是否因年龄、性别和共同家庭环境等风险因素而有所不同。
本研究使用了在2010 - 2013年KNHANES中获得的数据，该调查采用滚动抽样设计，涉及对韩国非机构化平民人口的代表性样本进行复杂、分层、多阶段概率整群调查。我们的横断面分析仅限于完成健康检查调查且有镉、铅和汞血液测量值的青少年及其父母。最终分析样本包括1585名青少年以及376名父亲和399名母亲，他们提供了血液重金属浓度测量值。
男性青少年血液中的铅和汞水平较高，但性别与血液镉水平无关。血液镉水平随年龄增长而升高，但血液铅水平随年龄下降，且年龄与血液汞水平关联不大。从2010年到2013年，镉和汞的浓度有所下降。在调整协变量后，青少年血液中铅、镉和汞的浓度与他们父母的水平呈正相关。
我们的结果表明，青少年血液重金属浓度因年龄、性别和共同家庭环境等风险因素而有所不同。
