Department of Sociology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA.
Stress Health. 2018 Feb;34(1):3-14. doi: 10.1002/smi.2755. Epub 2017 Apr 18.
The gender composition of the occupation has important implications for work conditions, rewards, and experiences, but little is known about whether it impacts workers' mental health. The present study seeks to answer this question by focusing on depressive symptoms and drug dependence symptoms as mental health outcomes and young adulthood as the life course context. The study further examines whether the association varies by sexual orientation, considering that occupational gender composition affects levels of stress exposure and social support availability in different ways for heterosexuals and sexual minorities. The analysis of the U.S. data, the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health), shows that among heterosexuals, working in a more female-typical occupation is associated with lower levels of drug dependence symptoms for women and higher levels of depressive symptoms for men. Sexual minorities show a diverging pattern-working in a more female-typical occupation is associated with worse mental health for sexual minority women and better mental health for sexual minority men.
职业的性别构成对工作条件、回报和经验有重要影响，但人们对其是否会影响工人的心理健康知之甚少。本研究通过关注抑郁症状和药物依赖症状作为心理健康结果，以及青年期作为生命历程背景，旨在回答这个问题。研究进一步考察了这种关联是否因性取向而异，因为职业的性别构成会以不同的方式影响异性恋者和性少数群体的压力暴露水平和社会支持的可获得性。对美国数据（国家青少年健康纵向研究）的分析表明，在异性恋者中，从事更女性化职业的女性药物依赖症状水平较低，而男性抑郁症状水平较高。性少数群体则呈现出不同的模式——从事更女性化职业的性少数群体女性的心理健康状况更差，而性少数群体男性的心理健康状况更好。
