Bone marrow transplantation for acute myeloblastic leukemia.

Fifty-seven patients with end-stage acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) received a total of 65 bone marrow transplants between 1968 and 1976. Marrow from HLA genotypically identical allogeneic donors was administered to 32 patients, 13 received marrow from HLA-incompatible donors, donor-recipient HLA compatibility was undetermined for eight patients, and identical twins were marrow donors for four patients. None of the patients in the three latter groups survived beyond 9.4 months after transplantation. Two patients treated with marrow transplants from HLA-compatible donors currently are alive and free of leukemia with functioning grafts 13 and 38 months after transplantation. The 32 patients in the Registry series who received marrow from HLA-compatible donors were compared with a similar series of 46 patients in Seattle. Data for these 78 patients were pooled and analyzed for pretransplant factors that might have prognostic value. Patients with end-stage AML had approximately a 10% chance of surviving 20 months after high-dose chemoradiotherapy plus marrow transplantation. Patients younger than 21 years had a higher six-month survival rate than patients older than 30 years. Patients in the Registry series who received transplants with HLA-compatible marrow within eight months of diagnosis had a higher survival experience than patients who received transplants later.