Shukla Kriti, Kumar Bijendra, Agrawal Rahul, Priyanka Kumari, Venkatesh Madavi
Laboratory of Biogeochemistry, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India.
Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 2017 Jun;98(6):856-866. doi: 10.1007/s00128-017-2085-7. Epub 2017 Apr 20.
Chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni) and lead (Pb) contamination was investigated in wheat cultivated rain-fed and irrigated rural agricultural soils (n = 31) of Tonalite-Trondjhemite Series in Central India. The soil sampling was carried out by using stratified random sampling method. The mean concentrations of Cr, Ni and Pb were 54.8, 38.1 and 68.9 mg/kg, respectively. The average values of enrichment factor (EF), geoaccumulation index (I ) and contamination factor (CF) followed the order as: Pb > Ni > Cr. Distribution patterns of soil parent material and weathering processes govern mineral enrichments, irrespective of rainfed or irrigated agricultural practices. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed strong loading of Cr and Ni (PC1) and Pb and clay (PC3). The strong loading on Cr and Ni indicates soils are originating from basic and volcanic rocks in the study area. The strong loading of Pb and clay indicates Pb is strongly adsorbed on clay minerals and Fe-oxides. The cancer risk (CR) index showed negligible carcinogenic risk to the residing population. However, hazard index (HI) values for children exceed the safe limit (HI > 1) for Cr and Pb. Spatial distribution of pollution load index suggest highest pollution in the northeastern part of the district. The study revealed that geogenically enriched soils of the area are suitable for agricultural activities under present conditions.
对印度中部英云闪长岩-奥长花岗岩系列农村农业土壤（n = 31）中种植的小麦中的铬（Cr）、镍（Ni）和铅（Pb）污染进行了调查，这些土壤有雨养和灌溉两种类型。土壤采样采用分层随机抽样方法。Cr、Ni和Pb的平均浓度分别为54.8、38.1和68.9毫克/千克。富集因子（EF）、地累积指数（I ）和污染因子（CF）的平均值顺序为：Pb＞Ni＞Cr。土壤母质和风化过程的分布模式决定了矿物质的富集，无论雨养还是灌溉农业实践都是如此。主成分分析（PCA）显示Cr和Ni（PC1）以及Pb和黏土（PC3）的载荷较强。Cr和Ni的强载荷表明研究区域的土壤源自基性岩和火山岩。Pb和黏土的强载荷表明Pb强烈吸附在黏土矿物和铁氧化物上。癌症风险（CR）指数显示对当地居民的致癌风险可忽略不计。然而，儿童的危害指数（HI）值超过了Cr和Pb的安全限值（HI＞1）。污染负荷指数的空间分布表明该地区东北部污染最严重。研究表明，该地区地质富集的土壤在当前条件下适合农业活动。
