Bost K K, Teran-Garcia M, Donovan S M, Fiese B H
Human Development and Family Studies, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA.
Family Resiliency Center, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA.
Pediatr Obes. 2018 Apr;13(4):239-246. doi: 10.1111/ijpo.12219. Epub 2017 Apr 21.
Restrictive feeding is implicated in pediatric obesity, and caregivers increase controlling feeding practices on the basis of higher child weight status. However, few studies have examined how child genetic and parenting characteristics together impact restrictive feeding.
We examined whether child body mass index (BMI) status predicts caregiver use of restrictive feeding and if this association is moderated by (i) caregiver strategies to manage their children's distress and (ii) child variations in the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene (Val Met, rs4680).
Participants included 126 Caucasian children (50% girls) and their caregivers who were participating in a larger study in the USA. Caregivers reported on their feeding practices and responses to child distress when children were 2.5-3.5 years of age. Child anthropometric measurements were also obtained. Restrictive feeding was assessed again 1-1.5 years later. Genomic DNA was obtained from saliva samples, and COMT-rs4680 was genotyped using TaqMan® methodology.
Child BMI percentile predicted subsequent caregiver restrictive feeding for children who were Met/Met and who had caregivers reporting higher use of negative responses to child distress. For Val carriers, BMI percentile predicted restrictive feeding when caregivers were below the mean on these responses.
Caregivers are at risk for use of restrictive feeding practices when their children are at higher BMI percentiles, and this association increases when caregivers use more ineffective stress regulation practices and their children are homozygous for the Met allele. Prevention programmes might focus on parenting behaviours that foster emotion regulation and consider variation in child responses to parenting.
限制性喂养与儿童肥胖有关，照顾者会根据儿童较高的体重状况增加控制性喂养行为。然而，很少有研究探讨儿童遗传特征和养育方式如何共同影响限制性喂养。
我们研究了儿童体重指数（BMI）状况是否能预测照顾者采用限制性喂养的情况，以及这种关联是否会受到以下因素的调节：（i）照顾者管理孩子痛苦情绪的策略；（ii）儿茶酚-O-甲基转移酶（COMT）基因（Val Met，rs4680）的儿童变异情况。
参与者包括126名白人儿童（50%为女孩）及其照顾者，他们参与了美国一项规模更大的研究。照顾者报告了孩子2.5至3.5岁时他们的喂养行为以及对孩子痛苦的反应。同时还获取了儿童的人体测量数据。1至1.5年后再次评估限制性喂养情况。从唾液样本中提取基因组DNA，并使用TaqMan®方法对COMT-rs4680进行基因分型。
对于携带Met/Met基因且照顾者报告对孩子痛苦更多采用负面反应的儿童，其BMI百分位数可预测照顾者随后的限制性喂养行为。对于Val基因携带者，当照顾者在这些反应上低于平均水平时，BMI百分位数可预测限制性喂养行为。
当孩子的BMI百分位数较高时，照顾者有采用限制性喂养行为的风险，当照顾者采用更无效的压力调节方式且孩子为Met等位基因纯合子时，这种关联会增强。预防项目可能侧重于培养情绪调节能力的养育行为，并考虑儿童对养育方式反应的差异。
