Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences and School of Computer and Communication Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2017 Apr;43:166-176. doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2017.03.015. Epub 2017 Apr 18.
Hebbian plasticity, a synaptic mechanism which detects and amplifies co-activity between neurons, is considered a key ingredient underlying learning and memory in the brain. However, Hebbian plasticity alone is unstable, leading to runaway neuronal activity, and therefore requires stabilization by additional compensatory processes. Traditionally, a diversity of homeostatic plasticity phenomena found in neural circuits is thought to play this role. However, recent modelling work suggests that the slow evolution of homeostatic plasticity, as observed in experiments, is insufficient to prevent instabilities originating from Hebbian plasticity. To remedy this situation, we suggest that homeostatic plasticity is complemented by additional rapid compensatory processes, which rapidly stabilize neuronal activity on short timescales.
赫伯氏可塑性（Hebbian plasticity）是一种检测和增强神经元之间共同活动的突触机制，被认为是大脑学习和记忆的关键组成部分。然而，赫伯氏可塑性本身并不稳定，会导致神经元活动失控，因此需要通过其他补偿过程来稳定。传统上，人们认为神经回路中存在的多种同型可塑性现象（homeostatic plasticity phenomena）可以起到这种作用。然而，最近的建模工作表明，实验中观察到的同型可塑性的缓慢进化不足以防止赫伯氏可塑性引起的不稳定性。为了解决这个问题，我们认为同型可塑性需要额外的快速补偿过程来补充，以在短时间尺度上快速稳定神经元活动。
