Halenar Lauren B, Cooke Siobhán B, Rosenberger Alfred L, Rímoli Renato
Department of Biology, Farmingdale State College (SUNY), 2350 Broadhollow Road, Farmingdale, NY 11735, USA; New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology Morphometrics Group (NMG), USA.
New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology Morphometrics Group (NMG), USA; Center for Functional Anatomy and Evolution, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1830 E Monument Street, Room 305A, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
J Hum Evol. 2017 May;106:133-153. doi: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.02.002. Epub 2017 Apr 4.
Recent paleontological collection in submerged caves in the eastern Dominican Republic has yielded new specimens of Antillothrix bernensis. Here we describe a complete cranium of an adult individual (MHD 20) and provide phenetic comparisons to other endemic Caribbean taxa and extant mainland platyrrhines using three-dimensional geometric morphometric methods (3DGM). Qualitative and quantitative comparisons support conclusions based on other recently described fossil material: Antillothrix has a dentition lacking clear dietary specialization, an elongated brain case with strong temporal lines, and a vertically oriented nuchal plane. MHD 20 shares a combination of traits with a previously published subadult specimen (MHD 01) including a deep depression at glabella, dorsoventrally elongated orbits, and a relatively large face. This shared morphology reinforces the taxonomic affinity of the two specimens, with differences between the two likely reflecting the younger ontogenetic age of MHD 01. Comparisons to the extant platyrrhines paint a complicated picture as the results of between-group principal components analyses (bgPCA) indicate that Antillothrix does not share a suite of morphological features exclusively with any one genus. Depending on which bgPC axes are visualized, and which subset of landmarks is included (i.e., only those describing the shape of the face/palate for inclusion of Xenothrix), MHD 20 is most similar in shape to the atelids, Alouatta, Lagothrix, and Brachyteles, or an otherwise "empty" region of shape space. It groups neither with Cebus nor Callicebus, two taxa that Antillothrix has been associated with in previous studies based on much less complete material. The Antillothrix cranium does not exhibit any of the derived characters classically used to diagnose or define any single clade; rather its morphology shares features with multiple platyrrhine groups. This is consistent with the interpretation that Antillothrix preserves a primitive morphology, which accords with the hypothesis positing an early arrival of platyrrhines in the Caribbean.
最近在多米尼加共和国东部水下洞穴中的古生物学采集工作获得了贝氏安的列斯猴（Antillothrix bernensis）的新标本。在此，我们描述了一个成年个体的完整头骨（MHD 20），并使用三维几何形态测量方法（3DGM）对其他加勒比地区特有分类群和现存大陆阔鼻猴进行了表型比较。定性和定量比较支持了基于其他最近描述的化石材料得出的结论：贝氏安的列斯猴的齿系缺乏明确的食性特化，脑壳细长且颞线明显，枕平面垂直。MHD 20与之前发表的一个亚成年标本（MHD 01）具有一系列共同特征，包括眉间深深凹陷、背腹向拉长的眼眶以及相对较大的面部。这种共同形态强化了两个标本的分类学亲缘关系，两者之间的差异可能反映了MHD 01较年轻的个体发育年龄。与现存阔鼻猴的比较呈现出一幅复杂的图景，因为组间主成分分析（bgPCA）的结果表明，贝氏安的列斯猴并不与任何一个属单独共享一套形态特征。根据可视化的bgPC轴以及所包含的地标子集（即仅那些描述面部/腭部形状以纳入异猴属（Xenothrix）的地标），MHD 20在形状上与蛛猴科的绒毛蛛猴属（Alouatta）、长毛蛛猴属（Lagothrix）和短尾蛛猴属（Brachyteles）最为相似，或者与形状空间中一个其他“空白”区域相似。它既不与卷尾猴属（Cebus）也不与伶猴属（Callicebus）归为一类，在之前基于不太完整材料的研究中，贝氏安的列斯猴曾与这两个分类群相关联。贝氏安的列斯猴的头骨没有表现出任何传统上用于诊断或定义任何单一进化枝的衍生特征；相反，其形态与多个阔鼻猴类群共有特征。这与贝氏安的列斯猴保留了原始形态的解释一致，这与阔鼻猴早期到达加勒比地区的假说相符。
