Fademrecht Laura, Bülthoff Isabelle, de la Rosa Stephan
Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany.
Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany.
Vision Res. 2017 Jun;135:10-15. doi: 10.1016/j.visres.2017.01.011. Epub 2017 Apr 26.
Recognizing actions of others across the whole visual field is required for social interactions. In a previous study, we have shown that recognition is very good even when life-size avatars who were facing the observer carried out actions (e.g. waving) and were presented very far away from the fovea (Fademrecht, Bülthoff, & de la Rosa, 2016). We explored the possibility whether this remarkable performance was owed to life-size avatars facing the observer, which - according to some social cognitive theories (e.g. Schilbach et al., 2013) - could potentially activate different social perceptual processes as profile facing avatars. Participants therefore viewed a life-size stick figure avatar that carried out motion-captured social actions (greeting actions: handshake, hugging, waving; attacking actions: slapping, punching and kicking) in frontal and profile view. Participants' task was to identify the actions as 'greeting' or as 'attack' or to assess the emotional valence of the actions. While recognition accuracy for frontal and profile views did not differ, reaction times were significantly faster in general for profile views (i.e. the moving avatar was seen profile on) than for frontal views (i.e. the action was directed toward the observer). Our results suggest that the remarkable well action recognition performance in the visual periphery was not owed to a more socially engaging front facing view. Although action recognition seems to depend on viewpoint, action recognition in general remains remarkable accurate even far into the visual periphery.
社交互动需要识别整个视野中他人的动作。在之前的一项研究中，我们发现，即使是与观察者面对面的真人大小的虚拟化身做出动作（如挥手），且呈现位置远离中央凹时，识别效果也非常好（法德雷希特、比尔托夫和德拉罗萨，2016年）。我们探讨了这种卓越表现是否归因于与观察者面对面的真人大小的虚拟化身，根据一些社会认知理论（如席尔巴赫等人，2013年），这可能会激活与侧面朝向的虚拟化身不同的社会感知过程。因此，参与者观看了一个真人大小的简笔人物虚拟化身，它以正面和侧面视角做出动作捕捉的社交动作（问候动作：握手、拥抱、挥手；攻击动作：掌掴、拳击和踢腿）。参与者的任务是将动作识别为“问候”或“攻击”，或者评估动作的情感效价。虽然正面和侧面视角的识别准确率没有差异，但总体而言，侧面视角（即移动的虚拟化身以侧面呈现）的反应时间比正面视角（即动作指向观察者）的反应时间显著更快。我们的结果表明，视觉外周卓越的动作识别表现并非归因于更具社交吸引力的正面朝向视角。尽管动作识别似乎取决于视角，但即使在视觉外周很远的地方，动作识别总体上仍保持显著的准确性。
