Kroll Jasmin, Karolis Vyacheslav, Brittain Philip J, Tseng Chieh-En Jane, Froudist-Walsh Sean, Murray Robin M, Nosarti Chiara
Department of Psychosis Studies,Institute of Psychiatry,Psychology and Neuroscience,King's College London,London,United Kingdom.
J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2017 May;23(5):381-389. doi: 10.1017/S1355617717000169. Epub 2017 Apr 25.
Children and adolescents who were born very preterm (≤32 weeks' gestation) are vulnerable to experiencing cognitive problems, including in executive function. However, it remains to be established whether cognitive deficits are evident in adulthood and whether these exert a significant effect on an individual's real-lifeachievement.
Using a cross-sectional design, we tested a range of neurocognitive abilities, with a focus on executive function, in a sample of 122 very preterm individuals and 89 term-born controls born between 1979 and 1984. Associations between executive function and a range of achievement measures, indicative of a successful transition to adulthood, were examined.
Very preterm adults performed worse compared to controls on measures of intellectual ability and executive function with moderate to large effect sizes. They also demonstrated significantly lower achievement levels in terms of years spent in education, employment status, and on a measure of functioning in work and social domains. Results of regression analysis indicated a stronger positive association between executive function and real-life achievement in the very preterm group compared to controls.
Very preterm born adults demonstrate executive function impairments compared to full-term controls, and these are associated with lower achievement in several real-life domains. (JINS, 2017, 23, 381-389).
极早产儿（孕周≤32周）的儿童和青少年易出现认知问题，包括执行功能方面的问题。然而，认知缺陷在成年期是否明显以及这些缺陷是否会对个体的现实生活成就产生重大影响，仍有待确定。
采用横断面设计，我们对1979年至1984年出生的122名极早产儿和89名足月儿对照样本进行了一系列神经认知能力测试，重点是执行功能。研究了执行功能与一系列成就指标之间的关联，这些指标表明成功过渡到成年期。
与对照组相比，极早产成年人在智力能力和执行功能测量方面表现较差，效应大小为中等至较大。他们在受教育年限、就业状况以及工作和社会领域功能测量方面的成就水平也显著较低。回归分析结果表明，与对照组相比，极早产组执行功能与现实生活成就之间的正相关更强。
与足月儿对照相比，极早产成年人表现出执行功能受损，并且这些与几个现实生活领域的较低成就相关。（《神经心理疾病与治疗》，2017年，23卷，381 - 389页）
