Milano Walter, Colletti Chiara, Capasso Anna
Unità Operativa di Salute Mentale Distretto 24 ASL Napoli 1 Centro, Italy.
Residenza dei Pini Terracina (LT), Italy.
Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets. 2017;17(1):38-55. doi: 10.2174/1871530317666170424102332.
Schizophrenia is one of the most severe psychiatric diseases with a significant impact on the psychosocial functioning of the patients. People with schizophrenia are at risk to die prematurely because of their illness with their poor lifestyle contributing to the excess morbidity and higher mortality rate. In particular, lifestyle (e.g. poor diet, low rates of physical activity and increased likelihood to smoke cigarettes) predisposes them to poor physical health and comorbid medical diseases. In addition, the treatment of schizophrenia usually involves the long-term administration of antipsychotic drugs and some of these medications are implicated in the increased risk of metabolic and cardiovascular effects. The antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinemia was ascertained for the first time by Kleinberg in 1971 and was considered for this treatment. Antipsychotics are the most common pharmacological agents which cause hyperprolactinemia The aim of this review is to describe PRL physiology, PRL biological effects and pathway to the diagnosis, causes, consequences of HPRL focusing on the antipsychotic effects on the PRL. We conducted a review of studies published between 1974 and December 2014. The search was performed using the following PubMed search terms: "Hyperprolactinemia" and "antipsychotic" and 827 papers were detected. The articles were examined and the overlapping or insufficiently clear works were excluded. Finally we chose 104 titles. We added to the selected articles additional articles, including 28 articles regarding the latest international guidelines, the pathophysiology of hyperprolactinemia and the various therapeutic choices.
精神分裂症是最严重的精神疾病之一，对患者的心理社会功能有重大影响。精神分裂症患者由于疾病以及不良生活方式导致发病率过高和死亡率上升，面临过早死亡的风险。特别是生活方式（如饮食不良、体育活动率低和吸烟可能性增加）使他们容易出现身体健康不佳和合并症。此外，精神分裂症的治疗通常需要长期服用抗精神病药物，其中一些药物会增加代谢和心血管影响的风险。1971年，克莱因伯格首次确定了抗精神病药物引起的高催乳素血症，并考虑用于这种治疗。抗精神病药物是导致高催乳素血症最常见的药物。本综述的目的是描述催乳素（PRL）生理学、PRL生物学效应以及高催乳素血症（HPRL）的诊断途径、病因和后果，重点关注抗精神病药物对PRL的影响。我们对1974年至2014年12月发表的研究进行了综述。搜索使用了以下PubMed搜索词：“高催乳素血症”和“抗精神病药物”，共检测到827篇论文。对这些文章进行了审查，排除了重叠或不够清晰的作品。最后我们选择了104个标题。我们在选定的文章中增加了其他文章，包括28篇关于最新国际指南、高催乳素血症的病理生理学和各种治疗选择的文章。
