Nath Madhu, Halder Nabanita, Velpandian Thirumurthy
Ocular Pharmacology and Pharmacy Division, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
Indian J Ophthalmol. 2017 Mar;65(3):191-197. doi: 10.4103/ijo.IJO_866_16.
Biomarkers to predict the altering physiological conditions over the period leading toward the ocular disorders are of major importance in therapeutics. Isolation and validation of the biomarkers specific to ocular diseases are a challenging task. Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease of the eye where the correlation of biomarkers in circulating fluid may be made specific for the eye. However, conditions such as wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (DR), circulating biomarkers might be having some degree of overlap with other conditions like cancer where a common factor such as angiogenesis is involved. Diabetes, a systemic disorder affecting the target organs such as eye, kidney, heart, and nervous system can be predicted using common circulating biomarkers. However, these markers need to be validated along with various stages of disease progression to enable the possibility of targeted pharmacological interventions apart from good glycemic control alone. This review compiles the attempts made to correlate such circulating biomarkers in the ocular conditions such as glaucoma, AMD, and DR in the search for a surrogate marker for diagnostic and prognostic value. To make biomarkers for the common convenience, genetic markers are excluded from this review.
在治疗过程中，能够预测眼部疾病发生前一段时间内生理状况变化的生物标志物至关重要。分离和验证眼部疾病特有的生物标志物是一项具有挑战性的任务。青光眼是一种眼部神经退行性疾病，循环液中生物标志物的相关性可能具有眼部特异性。然而，对于湿性年龄相关性黄斑变性（AMD）和增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变（DR）等疾病，循环生物标志物可能与其他疾病（如涉及血管生成等共同因素的癌症）存在一定程度的重叠。糖尿病是一种影响眼部、肾脏、心脏和神经系统等靶器官的全身性疾病，可以使用常见的循环生物标志物进行预测。然而，除了单纯良好的血糖控制外，这些标志物还需要结合疾病进展的各个阶段进行验证，以便有可能进行靶向药物干预。本综述汇编了为寻找具有诊断和预后价值的替代标志物，在青光眼、AMD和DR等眼部疾病中关联此类循环生物标志物的相关尝试。为了方便起见，本综述不包括基因标志物。
