Raghavan Meera
Department of Radiology, Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, NY.
Cancer Control. 2017 Apr;24(2):161-171. doi: 10.1177/107327481702400208.
Imaging of musculoskeletal tumors requires a multimodality approach and includes radiography, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Topics related to primary bone and soft-tissue tumors are reviewed. The fundamental imaging principles are discussed as well as the applications of emerging imaging modalities.
MRI is the preferred technique for the evaluation of musculoskeletal tumors, whereas other imaging modalities play a complementary role. Radiography is indicated as the first-line imaging modality in bone and soft-tissue tumors, whereas CT is the preferred modality for evaluating cortical osseous lesions or calcifications and in patients with contraindications to MRI. Positron emission tomography (PET)/CT and PET/MRI are helpful in identifying the glucose metabolism of the lesion. Ultrasonography is the most useful for biopsy guidance and can aid in differentiating cystic from solid masses and identifying vascularity. Novel modalities, such as diffusion-weighted imaging, spectroscopy, and habitat imaging, show promise in increasing diagnostic accuracy and affecting treatment strategies.
Conventional modalities and emerging, novel imaging techniques can provide noninvasive methods to diagnose and evaluate musculoskeletal tumors.
肌肉骨骼肿瘤的成像需要采用多模态方法，包括X线摄影、计算机断层扫描（CT）和磁共振成像（MRI）。
对与原发性骨和软组织肿瘤相关的主题进行综述。讨论了基本的成像原理以及新兴成像模态的应用。
MRI是评估肌肉骨骼肿瘤的首选技术，而其他成像模态起辅助作用。X线摄影被指定为骨和软组织肿瘤的一线成像模态，而CT是评估皮质骨病变或钙化以及对MRI有禁忌证患者的首选模态。正电子发射断层扫描（PET）/CT和PET/MRI有助于识别病变的葡萄糖代谢。超声检查对活检引导最有用，可帮助区分囊性和实性肿块并识别血管。诸如扩散加权成像、光谱学和栖息地成像等新模态在提高诊断准确性和影响治疗策略方面显示出前景。
传统模态和新兴的新成像技术可为诊断和评估肌肉骨骼肿瘤提供非侵入性方法。
