Bergel Sanchís María Laura, Cesani María Florencia, Oyhenart Evelia Edith
IGEVET-Instituto de Genética Veterinaria "Ing. Fernando Noel Dulout" (UNLP-CONICET LA PLATA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNLP, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Cátedra de Antropología Biológica IV, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, UNLP, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
PLoS One. 2017 Apr 25;12(4):e0176346. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176346. eCollection 2017.
The analysis of nutritional status is anthropologically important to address the complex interaction of biological, social, political, economic and cultural factors. To deepen the knowledge about contexts of occurrence of child malnutrition, we analyzed nutritional status in relation to socio-environmental conditions of residence in children between three and six years from Villaguay, Entre Ríos, Argentina. We performed a cross-sectional study of 1,435 school children of both sexes. Body weight and height were measured and prevalence of low height/age (LH/A), low weight/age (LW/A), low BMI/age (LBMI/A), overweight (Ow) and obesity (Ob) was calculated using World Health Organization reference charts. Socio-environmental information was obtained through a semi-structured survey and processed by Categorical Principal Component Analysis (CatPCA). Anthropometric data showed 1.5% LW/A, 5.2% LH/A; 0.6% LBMI/A, 20.9% Ow and 10.9% Ob. CatPCA allowed us to define four groups (G1-G4) with better (G2), middle (G1) and worst (G4) urban socio-environmental conditions and one with rural characteristics (G3). G4 presented the highest LH/A prevalence and G2 the highest Ow and Ob prevalence (P<0.05). It is concluded that since the distribution of malnutrition was not even it may dependent on the context in which children grow up. Thus, the higher the socio-economic level, the higher the incidence of overweight and obesity. Conversely, at the other end of the social scale, undernutrition and increasing weight excess remained major health problems.
营养状况分析在人类学上具有重要意义，有助于应对生物、社会、政治、经济和文化因素之间的复杂相互作用。为了加深对儿童营养不良发生背景的了解，我们分析了阿根廷恩特雷里奥斯省维拉瓜伊地区3至6岁儿童的营养状况与居住社会环境条件之间的关系。我们对1435名男女学童进行了横断面研究。测量了体重和身高，并使用世界卫生组织参考图表计算了身高/年龄偏低（LH/A）、体重/年龄偏低（LW/A）、BMI/年龄偏低（LBMI/A）、超重（Ow）和肥胖（Ob）的患病率。通过半结构化调查获取社会环境信息，并通过分类主成分分析（CatPCA）进行处理。人体测量数据显示，LW/A为1.5%，LH/A为5.2%；LBMI/A为0.6%，Ow为20.9%，Ob为10.9%。CatPCA使我们能够定义四组（G1-G4），其中城市社会环境条件较好的为（G2），中等的为（G1），最差的为（G4），还有一组具有农村特征（G3）。G4的LH/A患病率最高，G2的Ow和Ob患病率最高（P<0.05）。得出的结论是，由于营养不良的分布并不均匀，它可能取决于儿童成长的环境。因此，社会经济水平越高，超重和肥胖的发生率就越高。相反，在社会阶层的另一端，营养不良和体重超标问题仍然是主要的健康问题。
