Shaheen Sabry M, Shams Mohamed S, Khalifa Mohamed R, El-Dali Mohamed A, Rinklebe Jörg
University of Kafrelsheikh, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil and Water Sciences, 33 516 Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt; University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water, and Waste Management, Laboratory of Soil, and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany.
University of Kafrelsheikh, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil and Water Sciences, 33 516 Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2017 Aug;142:375-387. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.04.026. Epub 2017 Apr 28.
Contamination of long-term sewage effluent irrigated soils by potentially toxic elements (PTEs) is a serious concern due to its high environmental and health risk. Our scientific hypothesis is that soil amendments can cause contradictory effects on the element mobilization and phytoavailability depending on the type of element and amendment. Therefore, we aimed to assess the impact of the application (1%) of several low cost amendments and environmental wastes on the (im)mobilization, availability, and uptake of Al, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, and Zn by sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) in a long term sewage effluent irrigated sandy soils collected from Egypt. The used materials include activated charcoal (AC), potassium humate (KH), phosphate rock (PR), phosphogypsum (PG), triple superphosphate (TSP), phosphoric acid (PA), sulfur (S), sugar beet factory lime (SBFL), cement bypass kiln dust (CBD), egg shell (ES), bone mill (BM), brick factory residual (BFR), ceramic powder (CP), and drinking water treatment residual (WTR). The mobilization and availability of the elements in the soil were extracted using NHNO and ammonium bicarbonate- diethylene triamine penta acetic acid (AB-DTPA), respectively. The above-ground biomass samples were analyzed for the elements studied. The results confirmed our hypothesis and concluded that although some amendments like S, PA, and TSP can be used for reducing the plant uptake of Al, Cr, and Fe, they might be used with KH for enhancing the phytoextraction of Cd, Cu, Mn, and Ni. Moreover, several wastes such as BFR and WTR might be used for enhancing the phytoextraction of Al, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, and Ni and reducing the uptake of Mn from the studied soil. Although SBFL decreased the plant uptake of Al, Fe, Mn, and Zn, it's increased the plant uptake of Cd, Cu, and Ni. Therefore, the amendments which reduce the plant uptake of an element might be suitable candidates for its immobilization, while the amendments which increase the plant uptake of an element might be used for enhancing its phytoextraction when using bioenergy crops like sorghum in similar contaminated sandy soils. The studied materials offered the potential for effective and low cost media for the treatment of PTEs contaminated sewage effluent irrigated sandy soils. These results should be verified in a field study.
长期污水灌溉土壤受到潜在有毒元素(PTEs)污染,因其具有高环境风险和健康风险而备受关注。我们的科学假设是,土壤改良剂对元素的活化和植物有效性会产生矛盾的影响,这取决于元素和改良剂的类型。因此,我们旨在评估几种低成本改良剂和环境废弃物(施用量为1%)对高粱(Sorghum bicolor)在埃及采集的长期污水灌溉砂质土壤中铝(Al)、镉(Cd)、铬(Cr)、铜(Cu)、铁(Fe)、锰(Mn)、镍(Ni)和锌(Zn)的(非)活化、有效性及吸收的影响。所用材料包括活性炭(AC)、腐殖酸钾(KH)、磷矿粉(PR)、磷石膏(PG)、重过磷酸钙(TSP)、磷酸(PA)、硫(S)、甜菜制糖厂石灰(SBFL)、水泥旁路窑灰(CBD)、蛋壳(ES)、骨粉(BM)、砖厂残渣(BFR)、陶瓷粉(CP)和饮用水处理残渣(WTR)。分别使用硝酸铵(NHNO)和碳酸氢铵 - 二乙烯三胺五乙酸(AB - DTPA)提取土壤中元素的活化和有效性。对地上生物量样品进行所研究元素的分析。结果证实了我们的假设,并得出结论:虽然一些改良剂如硫、磷酸和重过磷酸钙可用于减少植物对铝、铬和铁的吸收,但它们可与腐殖酸钾一起用于增强镉、铜、锰和镍的植物提取。此外,一些废弃物如砖厂残渣和饮用水处理残渣可用于增强铝、镉、铬、铜、铁和镍的植物提取,并减少所研究土壤中锰的吸收。虽然甜菜制糖厂石灰降低了植物对铝、铁、锰和锌的吸收,但它增加了植物对镉、铜和镍的吸收。因此,减少植物对某元素吸收的改良剂可能是使其固定的合适选择,而增加植物对某元素吸收的改良剂在类似污染砂质土壤中使用高粱等生物能源作物时,可用于增强其植物提取。所研究的材料为处理受PTEs污染的污水灌溉砂质土壤提供了有效且低成本介质的潜力。这些结果应在田间研究中得到验证。