Bren School of Environmental Science & Management, University of California , SantaBarbara, California 93106, United States.
Environ Sci Technol. 2017 May 16;51(10):5541-5551. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.6b05279. Epub 2017 May 5.
We developed a dynamic multimedia fate and transport model (nanoFate) to predict the time-dependent accumulation of metallic engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) across environmental media. nanoFate considers a wider range of processes and environmental subcompartments than most previous models and considers ENM releases to compartments (e.g., urban, agriculture) in a manner that reflects their different patterns of use and disposal. As an example, we simulated ten years of release of nano CeO, CuO, TiO, and ZnO in the San Francisco Bay area. Results show that even soluble metal oxide ENMs may accumulate as nanoparticles in the environment in sufficient concentrations to exceed the minimum toxic threshold in freshwater and some soils, though this is more likely with high-production ENMs such as TiO and ZnO. Fluctuations in weather and release scenario may lead to circumstances where predicted ENM concentrations approach acute toxic concentrations. The fate of these ENMs is to mostly remain either aggregated or dissolved in agricultural lands receiving biosolids and in freshwater or marine sediments. Comparison to previous studies indicates the importance of some key model aspects including climatic and temporal variations, how ENMs may be released into the environment, and the effect of compartment composition on predicted concentrations.
我们开发了一个动态的多媒体归宿和传输模型（nanoFate），以预测随时间推移而在环境介质中积累的金属工程纳米材料（ENMs）。nanoFate 考虑了比大多数先前模型更广泛的过程和环境亚区，并以反映其不同用途和处置方式的方式将 ENM 释放到隔室（例如城市、农业）中。例如，我们模拟了在旧金山湾区释放纳米 CeO、CuO、TiO 和 ZnO 的十年。结果表明，即使是可溶性金属氧化物 ENMs 也可能以足够高的浓度在环境中积累为纳米颗粒，从而超过淡水和一些土壤中的最低毒性阈值，尽管这种情况在 TiO 和 ZnO 等高产量的 ENMs 中更为常见。天气和释放情况的波动可能导致预测的 ENM 浓度接近急性毒性浓度的情况。这些 ENMs 的归宿主要是在接收生物固体的农业用地以及淡水或海洋沉积物中保持聚集或溶解。与先前的研究相比，这表明了一些关键模型方面的重要性，包括气候和时间变化、ENMs 可能如何释放到环境中，以及隔室组成对预测浓度的影响。
