Roles of Speech Output in Augmentative and Alternative Communication: Narrative Review.

Speech output from speech-generating devices (SGD) and SGD software, such as talking word processors, has changed the landscape of options for aided communication. The purpose of this paper is to review and critique research into the roles of speech output for communication partners, learners, and learner-partner dyads. Research on partner - oriented roles is reviewed in terms of attitudes and perceived communicative competence, and communicative behavior. Learner-oriented roles of speech output are summarized in terms of graphic symbol learning, communicative functions and social regulation, learner preference, challenging behaviors, natural speech production, comprehension, and literacy. Roles for the learner - partner dyad include changes to interaction patterns. Methodological issues are discussed and practical implications are drawn where appropriate. Finally, directions for future research are proposed.