Olszyk David, Pfleeger Thomas, Shiroyama Tamotsu, Blakeley-Smith Matthew, Lee E Henry, Plocher Milton
National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Western Ecology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis, Oregon, USA.
Senior Environmental Employment Program, Corvallis, Oregon, USA.
Environ Toxicol Chem. 2017 Oct;36(10):2799-2813. doi: 10.1002/etc.3839. Epub 2017 Jun 5.
Herbicide drift may have unintended impacts on native vegetation, adversely affecting individual species and plant communities. To determine the potential ecological effects of herbicide drift, small plant community plots were constructed using 9 perennial species found in different Willamette Valley (OR, USA) grassland habitats. Studies were conducted at 2 Oregon State University (Corvallis, OR, USA) farms in 2 separate years, with single and combined treatments of 0.01 to 0.2× field application rates (f.a.r.) of 1119 g ha for glyphosate (active ingredient [a.i.] of 830 g ha acid glyphosate) and 560 g ha a.i. for dicamba. Plant responses were percentage of cover, number of reproductive structures, mature and immature seed production, and vegetative biomass. Herbicide effects differed with species, year, and, to a lesser extent, farm. Generally, 0.1 to 0.2× f.a.r. of the herbicides were required to affect reproduction in Camassia leichtlinii, Elymus glaucus, Eriophyllum lanatum, Festuca idahoensis, Iris tenax, and Prunella vulgaris. Eriophyllum lanatum also had a significant increase in percentage of immature seed dry weight with 0.01× f.a.r. of dicamba or the combination of glyphosate plus dicamba. Other species showed similar trends, but fewer significant responses. These studies indicated potential effects of low levels of herbicides on reproduction of native plants, and demonstrated a protocol whereby species growing in a constructed plant community can be evaluated for ecological responses. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:2799-2813. Published 2017 SETAC. This article is a US government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
除草剂漂移可能会对本地植被产生意想不到的影响，对单个物种和植物群落产生不利影响。为了确定除草剂漂移的潜在生态影响，使用在美国俄勒冈州威拉米特河谷不同草地栖息地发现的9种多年生植物构建了小型植物群落样地。研究在2个不同年份的美国俄勒冈州立大学（美国俄勒冈州科瓦利斯）的2个农场进行，采用草甘膦（活性成分[a.i.]为830克/公顷酸式草甘膦，田间施用量为1119克/公顷）和麦草畏（a.i.为560克/公顷）的0.01至0.2倍田间施用量的单一和组合处理。植物反应包括覆盖度百分比、繁殖结构数量、成熟和未成熟种子产量以及营养生物量。除草剂的影响因物种、年份以及在较小程度上因农场而异。一般来说，需要0.1至0.2倍田间施用量的除草剂才能影响leichtlinii卡马夏、蓝茎披碱草、绵毛 eriophyllum、爱达荷羊茅、粗根鸢尾和夏枯草的繁殖。绵毛eriophyllum在施用0.01倍田间施用量的麦草畏或草甘膦加麦草畏的组合时，未成熟种子干重百分比也显著增加。其他物种也表现出类似趋势，但显著反应较少。这些研究表明低水平除草剂对本地植物繁殖的潜在影响，并展示了一种方案，通过该方案可以评估在构建的植物群落中生长的物种的生态反应。《环境毒理学与化学》2017年；36:2799 - 2813。2017年由SETAC出版。本文是美国政府的作品，因此在美国属于公共领域。
