Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Department of Psychology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Massenbergstrasse 9-13, 44787 Bochum, Germany.
Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Groningen, Grote Kruisstraat 2-1, 9712 TS Groningen, The Netherlands.
Clin Psychol Rev. 2017 Jun;54:81-95. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2017.04.003. Epub 2017 Apr 17.
Cognitive models of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) postulate that cognitive biases in attention, interpretation, and memory represent key factors involved in the onset and maintenance of PTSD. Developments in experimental research demonstrate that it may be possible to manipulate such biases by means of Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM). In the present paper, we summarize studies assessing cognitive biases in posttraumatic stress to serve as a theoretical and methodological background. However, our main aim was to provide an overview of the scientific literature on CBM in (analogue) posttraumatic stress. Results of our systematic literature review showed that most CBM studies targeted attentional and interpretation biases (attention: five studies; interpretation: three studies), and one study modified memory biases. Overall, results showed that CBM can indeed modify cognitive biases and affect (analog) trauma symptoms in a training congruent manner. Interpretation bias procedures seemed effective in analog samples, and memory bias training proved preliminary success in a clinical PTSD sample. Studies of attention bias modification provided more mixed results. This heterogeneous picture may be explained by differences in the type of population or variations in the CBM procedure. Therefore, we sketched a detailed research agenda targeting the challenges for CBM in posttraumatic stress.
创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的认知模型假设，注意、解释和记忆中的认知偏差是 PTSD 发生和维持的关键因素。实验研究的进展表明，通过认知偏差修正（CBM）可能可以操纵这些偏差。在本文中，我们总结了评估创伤后应激认知偏差的研究，作为理论和方法学背景。然而，我们的主要目的是提供关于（模拟）创伤后应激 CBM 的科学文献综述。我们系统的文献回顾结果表明，大多数 CBM 研究都针对注意力和解释偏差（注意力：五项研究；解释：三项研究），一项研究则修正了记忆偏差。总体而言，结果表明 CBM 确实可以修正认知偏差，并以训练一致的方式影响（模拟）创伤症状。解释偏差程序在模拟样本中似乎有效，而记忆偏差训练在临床 PTSD 样本中初步取得了成功。注意偏差修正的研究提供了更多的混合结果。这种异质的情况可能是由于人群类型的差异或 CBM 程序的变化造成的。因此，我们针对创伤后应激中的 CBM 挑战制定了详细的研究议程。
