Daniel Floréal, Mounier Aurélie, Pérez-Arantegui Josefina, Pardos Carlos, Prieto-Taboada Nagore, Fdez-Ortiz de Vallejuelo Silvia, Castro Kepa
IRAMAT-CRP2A UMR 5060 CNRS-Université Bordeaux Montaigne, 33607, Pessac, France.
Instituto Universitario de investigación en Ciencias Ambientales de Aragón (IUCA) and Dpto. Química Analítica, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.
Anal Bioanal Chem. 2017 Jun;409(16):4047-4056. doi: 10.1007/s00216-017-0351-5. Epub 2017 Apr 26.
The development of non-invasive techniques for the characterization of pigments is crucial in order to preserve the integrity of the artwork. In this sense, the usefulness of hyperspectral imaging was demonstrated. It allows pigment characterization of the whole painting. However, it also sometimes requires the complementation of other point-by-point techniques. In the present article, the advantages of hyperspectral imaging over point-by-point spectroscopic analysis were evaluated. For that purpose, three paintings were analysed by hyperspectral imaging, handheld X-ray fluorescence and handheld Raman spectroscopy in order to determine the best non-invasive technique for pigment identifications. Thanks to this work, the main pigments used in Aragonese artworks, and especially in Goya's paintings, were identified and mapped by imaging reflection spectroscopy. All the analysed pigments corresponded to those used at the time of Goya. Regarding the techniques used, the information obtained by the hyperspectral imaging and point-by-point analysis has been, in general, different and complementary. Given this fact, selecting only one technique is not recommended, and the present work demonstrates the usefulness of the combination of all the techniques used as the best non-invasive methodology for the pigments' characterization. Moreover, the proposed methodology is a relatively quick procedure that allows a larger number of Goya's paintings in the museum to be surveyed, increasing the possibility of obtaining significant results and providing a chance for extensive comparisons, which are relevant from the point of view of art history issues.
开发用于颜料表征的非侵入性技术对于保护艺术品的完整性至关重要。从这个意义上说，高光谱成像的实用性得到了证明。它可以对整幅画作进行颜料表征。然而，它有时也需要其他逐点技术的补充。在本文中，评估了高光谱成像相对于逐点光谱分析的优势。为此，通过高光谱成像、手持式X射线荧光光谱和手持式拉曼光谱对三幅画作进行了分析，以确定用于颜料鉴定的最佳非侵入性技术。通过这项工作，阿拉贡艺术品，尤其是戈雅画作中使用的主要颜料，通过成像反射光谱进行了识别和绘制。所有分析的颜料都与戈雅时代使用的颜料相对应。关于所使用的技术，一般来说，通过高光谱成像和逐点分析获得的信息是不同且互补的。鉴于这一事实，不建议只选择一种技术，并且本研究证明了将所有使用的技术结合起来作为颜料表征的最佳非侵入性方法的实用性。此外, 所提出的方法是一个相对快速的过程，可以对博物馆中更多的戈雅画作进行调查，增加获得重要结果的可能性，并为广泛的比较提供机会，这从艺术史问题的角度来看是相关的。
