Basic and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Immunoallergology, Hospital & Instituto CUF Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2017 Aug;28(5):452-457. doi: 10.1111/pai.12729. Epub 2017 Jun 14.
We hypothesize that oxidative stress induced by trichloramine exposure during swimming could be related to etiopathogenesis of asthma among elite swimmers.
To investigate the effect of a swimming training session on oxidative stress markers of asthmatic compared to non-asthmatic elite swimmers using exhaled breath (EB) metabolomics.
Elite swimmers annually screened in our department (n=27) were invited and those who agreed to participate (n=20, of which 9 with asthma) had EB collected (Tedlar bags) before and after a swimming training session. SPME fiber (DVB/CAR/PDMS) was used to extract EB metabolites followed by a multidimensional gas chromatography analysis (GC×GC-ToFMS). Dataset comprises eight metabolites end products of lipid peroxidation: five aliphatic alkanes (nonane, 2,2,4,6,6-pentamethylheptane, decane, dodecane, and tetradecane) and three aldehydes (nonanal, decanal, and dodecanal). To assess exercise impact on lipid peroxidation markers, data were analyzed using principle component analysis (PCA), which was run on the original data set and on the data set constructed using differences in the metabolite total areas before and after exercise session.
Heatmap representation revealed that metabolites content decreased after exercise, both for control and asthma groups; however, the greater decrease was observed for controls. Asthmatics and controls did not form separated clusters; however, control swimmers demonstrated a more varied response to the exercise being dispersed along all score plot.
In well-trained athletes, swimming is associated with a decrease in oxidative stress markers independently of the presence of asthma, although a more pronounced decrease was seen in controls.
使用呼出气（EB）代谢组学研究游泳训练对哮喘和非哮喘精英游泳运动员氧化应激标志物的影响。
我们每年在我院筛查精英游泳运动员（n=27），邀请那些同意参加的运动员（n=20，其中 9 名患有哮喘），在游泳训练前后采集呼出气（Tedlar 袋）。采用 SPME 纤维（DVB/CAR/PDMS）提取 EB 代谢物，然后进行多维气相色谱分析（GC×GC-ToFMS）。数据集包括脂质过氧化的八种代谢物终产物：五种脂肪烷烃（壬烷、2,2,4,6,6-五甲基庚烷、癸烷、十二烷和十四烷）和三种醛（壬醛、癸醛和十二醛）。为了评估运动对脂质过氧化标志物的影响，使用主成分分析（PCA）对数据进行分析，PCA 既在原始数据集上运行，也在使用运动前后代谢物总面积差异构建的数据集中运行。
热图表示，运动后两组的代谢物含量均降低，但对照组的降低幅度更大。哮喘组和对照组没有形成分离的聚类；然而，对照组的运动反应更为多样，沿着所有得分图分散。
在训练有素的运动员中，游泳与氧化应激标志物的减少有关，与哮喘的存在无关，尽管对照组的减少更为明显。
