School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China.
Bone. 2018 Apr;109:43-48. doi: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.04.014. Epub 2017 Apr 25.
Heterotopic ossification (HO), a serious disorder of extra-skeletal bone formation, occurs as a common complication of trauma or in rare genetic disorders. Many conserved signaling pathways have been implicated in HO; however, the exact underlying molecular mechanisms for many forms of HO are still unclear. The emerging picture is that dysregulation of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling plays a central role in the process, but that other conserved signaling pathways, such as Hedgehog (HH), Wnt/β-catenin and Fibroblast growth factors (FGF), are also involved, either through cross-talk with BMP signaling or through other independent mechanisms. Deep understanding of the conserved signaling pathways is necessary for the effective prevention and treatment of HO. In this review, we update and integrate recent progress in this area. Hopefully, our discussion will point to novel promising, druggable loci for further translational research and successful clinical applications.
异位骨化（HO）是一种严重的骨骼外骨形成障碍，作为创伤的常见并发症或在罕见的遗传疾病中发生。许多保守的信号通路已被牵连到 HO 中；然而，许多形式的 HO 的确切潜在分子机制仍不清楚。新兴的情况是，骨形态发生蛋白（BMP）信号的失调在该过程中起着核心作用，但是其他保守的信号通路，如 Hedgehog（HH）、Wnt/β-catenin 和 Fibroblast growth factors（FGF），也通过与 BMP 信号的串扰或通过其他独立的机制参与其中。深入了解保守的信号通路对于 HO 的有效预防和治疗是必要的。在这篇综述中，我们更新并整合了该领域的最新进展。希望我们的讨论将为进一步的转化研究和成功的临床应用指出新的有前途的、可成药的靶点。
