Orozco Susana, Oberst Andrew
Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Immunol Rev. 2017 May;277(1):102-112. doi: 10.1111/imr.12536.
Necroptosis is a form of cell death that can be observed downstream of death receptor or pattern recognition receptor signaling under certain cellular contexts, or in response to some viral and bacterial infections. The receptor interacting protein kinases-1 (RIPK1) and RIPK3 are at the core of necroptotic signaling, among other proteins. Because this pathway is normally halted by the pro-apoptotic protease caspase-8 and the IAP ubiquitin ligases, how and when necroptosis is triggered in physiological settings are ongoing questions. Interestingly, accumulating evidence suggests that RIPK3 has functions beyond the induction of necroptotic cell death, especially in the areas of tissue injury and sterile inflammation. Here, we will discuss the role of RIPK3 in a variety of physiological conditions, including necroptotic and non-necroptotic cell death, in the context of viral and bacterial infections, tissue damage, and inflammation.
坏死性凋亡是一种细胞死亡形式,在特定细胞环境下,或响应某些病毒和细菌感染时,可在死亡受体或模式识别受体信号传导的下游观察到。受体相互作用蛋白激酶-1(RIPK1)和RIPK3是坏死性凋亡信号传导的核心,还有其他一些蛋白质。由于该途径通常被促凋亡蛋白酶caspase-8和IAP泛素连接酶所阻断,因此在生理环境中坏死性凋亡如何以及何时被触发仍是悬而未决的问题。有趣的是,越来越多的证据表明,RIPK3具有诱导坏死性凋亡细胞死亡之外的功能,尤其是在组织损伤和无菌性炎症领域。在这里,我们将在病毒和细菌感染、组织损伤及炎症的背景下,讨论RIPK3在各种生理条件下的作用,包括坏死性凋亡和非坏死性凋亡细胞死亡。