Jakovljević Miro
University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Department of Psychiatry, Kišpatićeva 12, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia,
Psychiatr Danub. 2017 Apr;29 Suppl 1:82-88.
Religion and psychiatry have had complicated, sometimes neutral or friendly and cooperative, sometimes competitive and antagonistic relations over their long histories. Relations between psychiatry and religion are influenced by complex belief systems, each diverse and changing. Psychiatry has often ignored spiritual and religious dimension in health and illness while religions influenced the treatment of mental disorders directly by defining mental disorders as evil spirit possessions and prescribing exorcism as treatment. It has been a long way to prevail looking for natural over supra-natural explanations for mental disorders. Psychiatry and religion as social practices should be regarded as allies against pseudoscientific nonsense and superstitions. This alliance is based on the next evidence: 1. religious and spiritual well-being is an important component of mental health as well as of health in general; 2. research and empirical evidence reveals that healthy-minded and distorted or sick faith are quite distinct in the effects in the lives of the faithful; 3. psychiatrists are professionally expected to always respect and be sensitive to the spiritual and religious beliefs and practices of their patients; 4. religious and spiritual beliefs and practice is very important aspect of person-centered psychiatry. The enduring task for both psychiatry and religion is to enable human beings to live their lives with courage, sense, and optimism, to strive towards creating conditions of well-being and individual, public and global mental health as well as to dispel beliefs and patterns which trap people in lives of misery and mental disorders. Psychiatry and religion in creative dialogues as allies can significantly contribute to the healing of our broken world and promoting compassionate society and empathic civilization. When psychiatry and religion see each other as opponents or even enemies this is only because of their mutual misreading and pseudoscientific thinking.
宗教与精神病学在其漫长的历史中有着复杂的关系，有时中立或友好合作，有时则竞争对抗。精神病学与宗教之间的关系受到复杂的信仰体系影响，这些体系各不相同且不断变化。精神病学常常忽视健康与疾病中的精神和宗教层面，而宗教则通过将精神障碍定义为被邪灵附身并规定驱魔作为治疗方法，直接影响了精神障碍的治疗。在寻找精神障碍的自然而非超自然解释方面，还有很长的路要走。精神病学和宗教作为社会实践，应被视为对抗伪科学谬论和迷信的盟友。这种联盟基于以下证据：1. 宗教和精神健康是心理健康以及总体健康的重要组成部分；2. 研究和实证证据表明，健康的信仰和扭曲或病态的信仰在信徒生活中的影响截然不同；3. 从职业角度来看，精神科医生应始终尊重并敏感对待患者的精神和宗教信仰及实践；4. 宗教和精神信仰及实践是以人为本的精神病学的非常重要的方面。精神病学和宗教的持久任务是使人类能够勇敢、理智且乐观地生活，努力创造幸福安康的条件以及促进个人、公众和全球的心理健康，同时消除那些使人们陷入痛苦生活和精神障碍的信仰及模式。精神病学和宗教作为盟友进行创造性对话，能够极大地促进修复我们破碎的世界，推动充满同情心的社会和具有同理心的文明的发展。当精神病学和宗教将彼此视为对手甚至敌人时，这仅仅是因为它们相互误解以及存在伪科学思维。
