Schaars Moniek M H, Segers Eliane, Verhoeven Ludo
Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Dyslexia. 2017 May;23(2):141-160. doi: 10.1002/dys.1556.
In the present study, we examined the early word decoding development of 73 children at genetic risk of dyslexia and 73 matched controls. We conducted monthly curriculum-embedded word decoding measures during the first 5 months of phonics-based reading instruction followed by standardized word decoding measures halfway and by the end of first grade. In kindergarten, vocabulary, phonological awareness, lexical retrieval, and verbal and visual short-term memory were assessed. The results showed that the children at risk were less skilled in phonemic awareness in kindergarten. During the first 5 months of reading instruction, children at risk were less efficient in word decoding and the discrepancy increased over the months. In subsequent months, the discrepancy prevailed for simple words but increased for more complex words. Phonemic awareness and lexical retrieval predicted the reading development in children at risk and controls to the same extent. It is concluded that children at risk are behind their typical peers in word decoding development starting from the very beginning. Furthermore, it is concluded that the disadvantage increased during phonics instruction and that the same predictors underlie the development of word decoding in the two groups of children. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
在本研究中，我们考察了73名有诵读困难遗传风险的儿童以及73名匹配的对照儿童的早期单词解码能力发展情况。在基于自然拼读法的阅读教学的前5个月里，我们每月进行与课程相关的单词解码测试，随后在一年级中期和期末进行标准化单词解码测试。在幼儿园阶段，我们评估了儿童的词汇量、语音意识、词汇检索能力以及言语和视觉短期记忆。结果显示，有风险的儿童在幼儿园阶段的音素意识方面技能较差。在阅读教学的前5个月里，有风险的儿童在单词解码方面效率较低，且这种差异在几个月里不断增大。在随后的几个月里，对于简单单词，这种差异依然存在，但对于更复杂的单词，差异有所增加。音素意识和词汇检索能力在同等程度上预测了有风险儿童和对照儿童的阅读发展情况。研究得出结论，有风险的儿童从一开始在单词解码能力发展方面就落后于他们的同龄人。此外，研究得出结论，在自然拼读法教学期间，这种劣势有所增加，并且两组儿童单词解码能力发展的预测因素相同。版权所有© 2017约翰·威利父子有限公司。
