Cranwell William C, Sinclair Rodney
Aust Fam Physician. 2017;46(5):270-274.
Cryosurgery is an effective, simple and inexpensive treatment used extensively in general practice and dermatology. It is used most commonly for actinic keratoses and warts; however, a large number of benign, premalignant and malignant skin diseases can also be treated.
The objective of this article is to help readers improve their cryosurgery technique.
Application of the cryogenic agent (most commonly liquid nitrogen) to the skin induces rapid freezing followed by slow thawing. This produces cell injury, vascular stasis and occlusion, and inflammation. The quantity of cryogen delivered onto the skin (dose), technique, duration of thawing and amount of surrounding tissue frozen are dependent on the body region and type of lesion. If clinical diagnosis is not possible, either a skin biopsy or referral to a dermatologist is recommended. We strongly discourage blind treatment of undiagnosed skin lesions.
冷冻手术是一种有效、简单且廉价的治疗方法，在普通医疗和皮肤科广泛应用。它最常用于光化性角化病和疣；然而，大量良性、癌前和恶性皮肤病也可通过其治疗。
本文旨在帮助读者提高冷冻手术技术。
将低温剂（最常用液氮）应用于皮肤会导致快速冷冻，随后缓慢解冻。这会造成细胞损伤、血管淤滞和阻塞以及炎症。施加于皮肤上的低温剂数量（剂量）、技术、解冻持续时间以及周围组织的冷冻量取决于身体部位和病变类型。如果无法进行临床诊断，建议进行皮肤活检或将患者转诊给皮肤科医生。我们强烈不建议对未确诊的皮肤病变进行盲目治疗。
