Edmond J. Safra Brain Research Center, University of Haifa, Haifa, 31905, Israel.
Cognition, Brain and Behavior, Syracuse University, 403 Huntington Hall, Syracuse, NY.
Autism Res. 2017 Sep;10(9):1510-1522. doi: 10.1002/aur.1800. Epub 2017 May 5.
We examined whether reduced perceptual specialization underlies atypical perception in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) testing classifications of stimuli that differ either along integral dimensions (prototypical integral dimensions of value and chroma), or along separable dimensions (prototypical separable dimensions of value and size). Current models of the perception of individuals with an ASD would suggest that on these tasks, individuals with ASD would be as, or more, likely to process dimensions as separable, regardless of whether they represented separable or integrated dimensions. In contrast, reduced specialization would propose that individuals with ASD would respond in a more integral manner to stimuli that differ along separable dimensions, and at the same time, respond in a more separable manner to stimuli that differ along integral dimensions. A group of nineteen adults diagnosed with high functioning ASD and seventeen typically developing participants of similar age and IQ, were tested on speeded and restricted classifications tasks. Consistent with the reduced specialization account, results show that individuals with ASD do not always respond more analytically than typically developed (TD) observers: Dimensions identified as integral for TD individuals evoke less integral responding in individuals with ASD, while those identified as separable evoke less analytic responding. These results suggest that perceptual representations are more broadly tuned and more flexibly represented in ASD. Autism Res 2017, 10: 1510-1522. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
我们研究了在自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）测试中，刺激的感知特异性降低是否是导致感知异常的原因，这些刺激在积分维度（价值和色度的典型积分维度）或可分维度（价值和大小的典型可分维度）上有所不同。当前的 ASD 个体感知模型表明，在这些任务中，无论代表可分维度还是积分维度，ASD 个体都更有可能将维度视为可分，而不是整体。相比之下，感知特异性降低则表明，ASD 个体在处理可分维度上的刺激时会表现出更整体的反应，同时在处理积分维度上的刺激时会表现出更可分的反应。一组 19 名被诊断为高功能 ASD 的成年人和 17 名年龄和智商相似的典型发展参与者接受了快速和受限分类任务的测试。与感知特异性降低的理论相符，结果表明，ASD 个体并不总是比典型发育（TD）观察者表现出更具分析性的反应：对 TD 个体来说是积分维度的刺激，在 ASD 个体中会引起较少的整体反应，而那些被认为是可分维度的刺激则会引起较少的分析性反应。这些结果表明，在 ASD 中，感知表示被更广泛地调整，并且更灵活地表示。Autism Res 2017, 10: 1510-1522. © 2017 国际自闭症研究协会，Wiley 期刊，公司。
